Stress

Question 1

what is stress

Answer 1

state that results from demands that are placed on the individual that require coping.

Question 2

who defined stress as a state that results from demands that are places on the individual which require that person to engage in coping behaviour

Answer 2

Jones & Hardy, 1990

Question 3

What are stressors

Answer 3

demanding events, situations. The environmental demands

Question 4

who defined stressors

Answer 4

Fletcher, 2006

Question 5

stressors can be..

Answer 5

acute or chronic

Question 6

who suggested 4 categories of stressors?

Answer 6

Pacak & Palkovits , 2001

Question 7

what are the four stressor categories

Answer 7

Physical stressors
psychological stressors
social stressors
CV and metabolic homeostasis stressors

Question 8

Stressors in a competitive environment

Answer 8

performance

organisational

Question 9

who suggested performance & organisational stressors

Answer 9

Mellaliea 2009

Question 10

what is under performance stresses

Answer 10

prep 
injury 
expectations 
self- presentation 
Rivalry 

PIERS

Question 11

what is under organisational stressors

Answer 11

factors intrinsic to sport
roles in sport organisation
- sport relationships/ interpersonal demands
-athletic career/performance development issues
- organisational structure & climate of sport

Question 12

stress causes a disruption of homeostasis (who suggested)

Answer 12

Cannon, 1929

Question 13

physiological responses to acute stressors allow for enhanced physical & mental demands to …

Answer 13

meet environmental demand

Question 14

who suggested that physiological responses to acute stressors allow for enhanced physical & mental demands to meet environmental demands

Answer 14

Sapolsky, 1996

Question 15

in response to acute stressor what system is activated to ensure resources are rapidly mobilised for action

Answer 15

physiological system

Question 16

who suggested that in response to acute stressor physiological system is activated to ensure resources are rapidly mobilised for action

Answer 16

Pacak & Palkovits 2001

Question 17

during rest and recovery what is reduced?

Answer 17

physiological system

Question 18

ANS is made up off

Answer 18

PNS (PSNS) and SNS

Question 19

SNS stimulates

Answer 19

bodily processes

Question 20

PNS inhibits

Answer 20

bodily processes

Question 21

inappropriate repossess have negative effects that can…

Answer 21

impair growth and development, along with metabolic and psychiatric disorders

Question 22

who suggested that • Inappropriate response= negative effects= impaired growth & development, metabolic & psychiatric disorders

Answer 22

Charmandari, 2005

Question 23

psychosocial stressors.. examples

Answer 23

personality, history of stressors and life event stressors

Question 24

psychosocial stressors can influence

Answer 24

injury occurrence

Question 25

who suggested that psychosocial stressors can influence injury occurrence

Answer 25

Nippert & Smith, 2008

Question 26

failure to cope with acute stress has been seen to have detrimental effects on ...

Answer 26

psychological processes (concentration, arousal, attentional focus)

Question 27

who suggested that failure to cope with acute stress has been seen to have detrimental effects on psychological processes (concentration, arousal, attentional focus)

Answer 27

Jones & Hardy, 1989

Question 28

who made the Transactional model of stress & coping

Answer 28

(Lazarus & Folkman, 1987)

Question 29

TMSC suggested that stress is a product of

Answer 29

transactions and a complex environment

Question 30

what is transaction

Answer 30

cognitive, physiological, affective, psych & neurological

Question 31

what is primary appraisals

Answer 31

what is the motivational relevance, will it effect welfare

Question 32

what is secondary appraisals

Answer 32

assessment of coping resources

Question 33

anticipated loss will result in ....

Answer 33

threat state

Question 34

anticipated (potential) gain

Answer 34

challenge state

Question 35

BPSM stands for

Answer 35

Biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat

Question 36

who created the BPSM

Answer 36

Blascovich & Tomaka, 1996

Question 37

what does the BPSM emphasise

Answer 37

person- environment transactions

Question 38

BPSM evaluates what?

Answer 38

Demand and resource

Question 39

according to BPSM determinants of challenge and threat include:

Answer 39

``` effort danger uncertainty skills knowledge abilities -dispositional characteristics - external support ```

Question 40

``` who suggested that BPSM determinants of challenge and threat include: effort danger uncertainty skills knowledge abilities -dispositional characteristics - external support ```

Answer 40

Blascovich, 2008

Question 41

in a threat state what happens with SAM and HPA

Answer 41

both activated

Question 42

in a challenge state what happens with SAM and HPA

Answer 42

SAM activation only

Question 43

what does HPA do to SAM

Answer 43

dampens SAM response

Question 44

what does SAM stand for

Answer 44

(sympathetic-adrenomedullary)pathway

Question 45

what happens in threat state to TPR & CO

Answer 45

High TPR | low CO

Question 46

what happens in challenge state to TPR & CO

Answer 46

low TPR | high CO

Question 47

what does HPA stand for

Answer 47

Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal

Question 48

who designed the cognitive appraisal ratio

Answer 48

Tomaka, 1993

Question 49

what likert scale is the CAR

Answer 49

6 point

Question 50

what equation is needed in CAR

Answer 50

resources - demand

Question 51

+ CAR range is a .. state

Answer 51

challenge

Question 52

- CAR range is a .... state

Answer 52

threat

Question 53

why did the BPSM extend the transactional theory

Answer 53

accounted for physiological responses to stress

Question 54

what does SAM do?

Answer 54

releases catecholamine

Question 55

what catecholamines does SAM release

Answer 55

Adrenaline | noradrenaline

Question 56

release of adrenaline & Noradrenaline causes

Answer 56

increased HR, BP, CO and BG levels in response to stressor

Question 57

threat seems activation of .. (Said?)

Answer 57

HPA (Dienstbier, 1989)

Question 58

challenge has been linked to .... attentional control

Answer 58

more effective

Question 59

who said challenge has been linked to more effective attentional control

Answer 59

Vine, 2013

Question 60

threat has been linked to... attentional control

Answer 60

less effective

Question 61

who said threat has been linked to less effective attentional control

Answer 61

Vine, 2013

Question 62

what did Moore et al 2012 do?

Answer 62

effect of challange and threat of golf putting

Question 63

what did Moore et al 2012 see in the challenge group?

Answer 63

more accurate, favourable emotions and displayed a more effective gaze, putting kinematics & muscle activity

Question 64

what does IFSAVP stand for?

Answer 64

An Integrative Framework of Stress, Attention, and Visuomotor Performance.

Question 65

who created IFSAVP

Answer 65

Vine et al 2016

Question 66

what did the IFSAVP suggest

Answer 66

that threat can lead to better performance (Stimulance driven)

Question 67

(IFSAVP) when a threat state= poor performance what is it evaluated as next time

Answer 67

constantly re-evaluate stressful situation as stressful (threat)

Question 68

TCTSA?

Answer 68

Theory of challenge/ threat state in athletics

Question 69

who created TCTSA

Answer 69

(Jones, 2009)

Question 70

what is the TCTSA suggestion

Answer 70

individuals engage in demand-resource evaluations in goal-relevant situations

Question 71

TCTSA suggested that.... are determinants of challenge & threat

Answer 71

self-efficacy perceptions of control achievement goals

Question 72

what theory suggests that self-efficacy,perceptions of control &achievement goals are determinants off challenge and threat states

Answer 72

TCTSA (Jones, 2009)

Question 73

what is a challenge state in TCTSA

Answer 73

sufficient skills to cope, sufficient control to display skill and focus on approach goals

Question 74

challenge is typically associated with emotions of..

Answer 74

+ valance (excitement)

Question 75

threat is typically associated with emotions of ..

Answer 75

- emotions (anxiety)

Question 76

emotions in challenge are perceived as ...

Answer 76

helpful to performance

Question 77

emotions in threat are perceived as

Answer 77

unhelpful to performance

Question 78

Meijen 2012 found that threat .. predicted avoidance goals

Answer 78

+ predicted

Question 79

threat ... predicted by self-efficacy and approach goals (Meijen, 2012)

Answer 79

- predicted