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SEM 1 + 2 CVS > sem 1: Red Blood Cell > Flashcards

sem 1: Red Blood Cell Flashcards

1
Q

what is the rbc capable of doing in order to traverse the microvascular system

A

deform without fragmentation- flexible- can fit into small gaps

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2
Q

what 3 things does the rbc not contain

A

nucleus
ER
mitochondria

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3
Q

outer hydrophilic lipid layer:

A

glycoproteins
glycolipids
proteins

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4
Q

central hydrophobic layer:

A

proteins
cholestrol
phospholipids

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5
Q

inner hydrophilic layer

A

cytoskeletal proteins to support lipid bilayer

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6
Q

which phospholipid remains on inside because macrophages detect it and phagocytose them

A

phosphatidyl serine (eat me signal)

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7
Q

what is the relationship between membrane and plasma cholestrol

A

free equilibrium

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8
Q

what would happen to the RBC if there is increased cholestrol

A

appear distorted- aconthocytosis

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9
Q

what do the cells become after aconthocytosis

A

target cells- increase in haemoglobin in center and outer region of RBC

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10
Q

peripheral proteins (4)

A

spectrin
ankyrin
actin
proein 4.1

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11
Q

integral proteins

A

glycophorins
Band 3
surface receptors
Na+/K+ ATPase

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12
Q

what does spectrin do

A
  1. binds with other peripheral proteins from cytoskeletal network of microfilaments
  2. controls biconcave shape and deformability of cell
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13
Q

what does ankyrin do

A

anchors lipid bilayer to membrane skeleton

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14
Q

what does protein 4.1 do

A

stabilises interaction of spectrin with actin

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15
Q

what are the functions of the membrane (4)

A
  1. shape- provides optimum SA:V ratio
  2. provides deformability and elasticity
  3. regulated intracellular cation concentration
  4. acts as interface between cell and environment through membrane surface receptors
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16
Q

what is spherocytosis due to

A

spectrin deficiency

17
Q

what cant the rbc do with spherocytosis

A

maintain shape and become spherical

18
Q

is the inner layer of phospholipids charged or not?

A

charged

19
Q

2 phospholipids on the inner layer

A

phosphatidyl ethanolamine

phosphatidyl serine

20
Q

is the outer layer of phospholipids charged or not

A

not charged

21
Q

2 phospholipids on the outer layer

A

phosphatidyl choline

sphingomyelin

22
Q

what is inbetween the charged and uncharged phospholipids

A

unesterified cholestrol

23
Q

what subunits does each haemoglobin have

A

2 alpha- globin chains

2 b-globin chains

24
Q

what is the haem a complex between

A

protoporphyrin IX and ferrous iron ion (Fe2+)

25
Q

when we were born what type was our haemoglobin mostly

A

HbF

26
Q

what did it change to as we grew

A

Hb A

27
Q

when oxygenated what gets pushed out to allow the B-chains to move closer

A

2,3-DGP

28
Q

when oxygen is unloaded, 2-3 DGP enters, what happens the B chains

A

pulled apart

29
Q

what lowers the affinity for oxygen

A

entry of 2,3-DGP

30
Q

matobolism provides energy for(4)

A
  1. Maintenance of cation pumps
  2. Maintenance of Hb in reduced state
  3. Maintenance of reduced sulfhydryl groups in Hb and other proteins
  4. Maintenance of RBC integrity and deformability
31
Q

key metabolic pathways(4)

A
  1. Glycolytic or Embden-Meyerhof pathway
  2. Pentose Phosphate pathway
  3. Methaemoglobin Reductase pathway
  4. Luebering-Rapoport shunt
32
Q

what are the main actions of the key metabolic pathways

A

use enzyes to supply energy for the system

reduce oxidants in system

33
Q

what does the glycolytic pathway do

A

generates 90-95% of energy

glucose metabolised to 2 ATP’s

34
Q

what does the pentose phosphate pathway do

A

protect from oxidative damage

35
Q

what does the methaemoglobin reductase pathway do

A

maintains iron in the ferrous state

36
Q

what does the luebering rapoport shunt pathway do

A

permits accumulation of 2,3- DGP, to regulate haemoglobin affinity

SEM 1 + 2 CVS (14 decks)

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