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SEM 1 + 2 CVS > sem 2: antiarrhythmic drugs > Flashcards

sem 2: antiarrhythmic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is a arrhythmia

A

abnormalities in heart rhythm which leads to incorrect filling and ejection of blood

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2
Q

what is some symptoms of an arrhythmia

A

palpitations, dizziness, fainting, blood coagulation

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3
Q

causes of arrhythmia

A

cardiac ischaemia
excess sympa stimulation
hypertension, heart failure, heart block

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4
Q

two types of origin for arrhythmia

A

supra-ventricular (sa node, atria, AV node)

ventricular

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5
Q

what is atrial fibrillation

A

no discrete p waves
clot producing
irregular ventricular contraction

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6
Q

what is supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A

p wave buried in t wave

fast ventricular contractions due to inc HR

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7
Q

what is heart block

A

failure of conduction system (SAN,AVN or bundle of His)

uncoordinated atria/ventricular contractions

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8
Q

what is ventricular tachycardia

A

fast and regular

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9
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

fast and irregular

no proper ejection

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10
Q

two types of mechanisms of arrhythmias

A

abnormal impulse generation - ectopic pacemaker activity

abnormal conductions - reentry, heart block

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11
Q

two types of abnormal impulse generation

A 
ectopic 
triggered rhythms (EAD,DAD)
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12
Q

what is EAD (abnormal impulse generation)

A

abnormal levels of Ca during plateau phase due to heart failure
stimulate Na/Ca exchanger
early depolarisation

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13
Q

what is reentry (abnormal conductions)

A

damage to myocardium

refractory felt at different place causing reentry pathway

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14
Q

what is heart block due to

A

fibrosis/ ischaemic damage

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15
Q

how many degrees of heart block

A

3

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16
Q

how does first degree heart block present

A

longer PR interval

17
Q

what is second degree heart block

A

time taken for p wave to reach ventricles too long so doesnt initiate

18
Q

what is third degree heart block

A

complete block, atria and ventricles beat independently

from eachother

19
Q

what are class 1 drugs and example

A

Na channel blockers - dont allow depolarisation
lidocaine
non nodal tissue

20
Q

what are Na channel blockers used for

A

VT and VF in non-nodal tissue

21
Q

what are class 2 drugs

A

b blockers

atenolol

22
Q

what do b blockers do

A

reduce VT after MI by slowing down conduction

also used in SVT

23
Q

what are class 3 drugs

A

k channel blockers

24
Q

is k channel blockers nodal or non

A

non nodal tissue

25
Q

what does a k channel blocker do

A

increases length of action potential and increases refractory period
used in SVT and VT

26
Q

what are class 4 drugs

A

Ca channel antagonists

27
Q

Ca channel antagonists nodal or non

A

both

28
Q

what doe Ca channel antagonists do

A

prevent atria from contracting
used in SVT
relaxation of VSMCs

SEM 1 + 2 CVS (14 decks)

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