BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AC1007 > SEM 2 EXAM > Flashcards

SEM 2 EXAM Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What can built heritage be considered as?

A

anything from our past which is the inheristnace of present day society

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2
Q

What are the 5 points that explain what a scheduled monument is?

A
  • Ancient monuments are protected by historic environment Scotland.
  • Monuments protected (scheduled) are considered of national importance
  • 1882 saw the passing of the ancient monuments act
  • Modern listing are considered against the Scottish historic environment policy 2011
  • There are more than 8000 scheduled monuments spread across Scotland.
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3
Q

Define world heritage site

A

heritage sites are areas or sites listed by the international world heritage programme administered by the world heritage committee

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4
Q

When did UNESCO start?

A

heritage sites are areas or sites listed by the international world heritage programme administered by the world heritage committee

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5
Q

how many UNESCO sites are there worldwide

A

1092

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6
Q

How many UNESCO sites are there in Scotland?

A

6

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7
Q

Define a listed building

A
  • Protects individual buildings which are architecturally interesting or historically important.
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8
Q

What categories are there for listed buildings

A

A,B,C

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9
Q

How many category A buildings are there in Scotland?

A

3700

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10
Q

What is the oldest stone house in europe?

A

Papa Westray

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11
Q

What can we do with existing buildings?

A

Adaption, extension, refurbishment, repair.

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12
Q

Historic

What is the thickness of a typical masonry rubble wall?

A

500-1000 mm

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13
Q

Historic

When was lime mortar mainly used till?

A

1925

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14
Q

Historic

What is a rubble component made up of?

A

Smaller stones

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15
Q

Historic

What does lath do?

A

Form the backing for the plaster

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16
Q

Historic

What is Lath made from?

A

Thin strips of chestnut or oak which are supported by timber strapping

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17
Q

Historic

Where is Internal plaster placed on the leaf of a wall?

A

It is the internal finish

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18
Q

Historic

How would internal plaster putty be made?

A

Mixed with sharp sand and animal hair

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19
Q

Historic

What is harling?

A

Creation of a rough textured lime plaster which when applied to the outside face of the building forms a protective coating

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20
Q

Historic

How is harling applied?

A

Thrown onto a surface

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21
Q

What are problems with old masonry walls?

A

Water is able to enter the wall where it can leach out of the mortar from the core causing voids
Without the core material the two outer leaves can seperate and the wall can bulge
They often have timber joists which can wet and rot.

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22
Q

What is a traditional masonry walls core made from?

A

Lime mortar and smaller stones

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23
Q

What is coursing stonework?

A

Stonework which follows a horizontal line or level which is related to the way the wall is built.

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24
Q

What is random stonework?

Study These Flashcards
A

Stonework which does not follow set horizontal courses

25
What is broken range work stonework?
Stonework which follows horizontal courses but there are occasional stones which span two or more courses
26
Define a rubble stone
Irregular shaped stones which have not been dressed
27
Define squared rubble stone
Corners are knocked off and faces are dressed to create a rough block shape.
28
Define ashlar stonework
finely dressed on the faces which are adjacent to other stones. They are worked by a craftsman to create a tightly fitting stone
29
What is random rubble pattern
A wall made from broken stones with discontinuous courses. Mortar joints are wide and there is a mix of smaller and larger stones
30
What is coursed rubble pattern
Rubble stones which are laid in approximately level courses and have reasonably consistent mortar bed depths.
31
What is square coursed rubble pattern
Roughly squared stones which are laid in regular courses with some stones breaking and coursing lines.
32
What is coursed ashlar pattern
Square dressed stones which are laid in regular courses. The depth of the courses can vary but each stone within a course is the same height.
33
What is random ashlar pattern
Square dressed stones are laid in discontinuous courses with very tight mortar joints.
34
What is broken range work ashlar pattern
Square, dressed stones on late and regular courses with some stones breaking the course over two or three levels
35
What is the percentage of mortar to stone
The more dressed a stone is the less mortar that is visible on the face of the wall. Lime mortar has a yellow colour so seeing more mortar will change the overall colour of the wall
36
What is sun-dried brick consisted of and when was it used?
Formed of mud/clay and mixed with water. Was used from 7000BC on wards.
37
What is a mud dried brick consisted of and how is it made
Mud is mixed with sand and then mixed with water and ground to a paste. Modern methods use a steel mold and then the brick is dried and fired.
38
What is a dry pressed brick consisted of and how is it made?
A thick clay mix is put into a steel mould and then fired for a long time making this way more expensive than others
39
What are bricks made of?
Generally cleaned water but sometimes with added aggregates and admixtures. Clay.
40
What is the extruded brick water percentage to clay
10-15% water to form a paste
41
How are concrete bricks made?
Made from dry, small aggregates concrete which is formed in steel moulds by vibration and compaction. They are then cured using low pressure steam.
42
What is a frogged brick
Brick is pressed down into the mould which creates a sloped like space in the brick
43
What is a perforated brick
The brick with three holes in it
44
What is a solid brick
A solid brick where not a lot of mortar is required.
45
What is a standing solider
The most common way of settling the solider brick on the end that is flush with the wall.
46
What is a walking solider
A solider course laid so the bottom edge of the brick is sticking out to about an inch. Usually alternating every other brick with a standing solider.
47
What is a header
Brick is laid in a wall, usually connecting two rows of a double wythe wall
48
What is a stretcher
Brick laid horizontally in the wall with the long, narrow side of the brick exposed. Commonly used for English and Flemish bond patterns
49
What is a perpend
The mortar bed of gap at the end of a brick face
50
What is a facing brick
Bricks which are primarily used for facades. Good weather resistant qualities
51
What is an engineering brick
Bricks with a high compressive strength. Available in blue and red colours.
52
What is a common brick
Generally lower quality bricks with a less consistent appearance and a lower compressive strength. Less durable and SHOULD NOT be used below ground. Can be used for internal brick work
53
Where are sundried brick used?
Areas with low rainfall
54
What is the most durable form of brick
Fired bricks
55
What does lime mortar consist of?
Water, sand, binding agent
56
How is lime mortar made?
Lime is derived from limestone Limestone is heated in a kiln to approx 1000 degrees Celsius This produces carbon dioxide and produces quicklime Quicklime is 'slaked' by adding water to produce calcium hydroxide This process is exothermic
57
How are non-hydraulic limes created
They are putties that set in contact with air through the process of carbonation.
58
What problems may arise with mortar
Incorrect mortar
59
What should lime mortar be to surrounding stone?
Sacrificial
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AC1007
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