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BIOLOGY > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three receptors we have?

A
  1. mechanoreceptors
  2. chemoreceptors
  3. electromagnetic receptors
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2
Q

What are mechanoreceptors used to sense?

A

-touch
-hearing
-balance

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3
Q

What are chemoreceptors used to sense?

A

-taste
-smell
-pH

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4
Q

What are electromagnetic receptors used to sense?

A

vision

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5
Q

What are two things that we, as humans, can’t pick up on but organisms can?

A

-infrared light
-electromagnetic fields

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6
Q

What is the base pathway for all senses?

A
  1. stimulus
  2. transduction (of signal into receptors)
  3. transmission of action potential
  4. interpretation of signal by brain
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7
Q

Do mechanoreceptors have many different types of pressure sensors, or just 1?

A

many different types

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8
Q

What are nociceptors used for?

A

to detect pain, and it is concentrated in areas most prone to injury

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9
Q

What does more depolarization indicate?

A

more frequent action potentials

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10
Q

How does hearing work?

A
  1. sound waves enter eardrum
  2. tympanic membrane vibrates ear bones
  3. oval window gets pressed
  4. vibrations are transmitted to cochlea
  5. pressure waves vibrate basilar membrane
    -stereocilla pick up on vibration
    -K+ channels on sterocilla is pulled open
    -this causes graded potentials, and action potentials occur
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11
Q

What ear part helps with horizontal motion?

A

utricle

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12
Q

What ear part helps with vertical motion?

A

saccule

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13
Q

What ear part helps with angular motion?

A

cupula

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14
Q

How do we taste salty food?

A

Na+ travels directly into sodium channels

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15
Q

How do we taste sour food?

A

H+ enters directly into proton channels

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16
Q

How do we taste sweet, bitter, and umami food?

A

chemicals interact with G-coupled protein receptors

17
Q

How do we smell?

A
  1. molecules move to mucus where they get dissolved
  2. olfactory hair pick up on the molecules
  3. this sends an action potential to the olfactory bulb
  4. olfactory bulb sends signal to the brain
18
Q

What is the function of the cornea and the lens?

A

focus light

19
Q

What does the pupil determine?

A

how much light comes into the eyes

20
Q

What are the three layers that light goes through?

A
  1. ganglion cells
  2. bipolar cells
  3. rods and cones
21
Q

What do rods pick up on?

A

light and dark

22
Q

What do cones pick up on?

A

color and sharp images

23
Q

Ho does vision work?

A
  1. light travels to the back of the eye
  2. receptors pick up on it and send signal back to the ganglion cells
  3. nerve signal then passes to the optic nerve, where the optic nerve exits the eye
  4. signal is transmitted to your brain
24
Q

What is your blind spot?

A

when your nerve signal travels with the blood vessels at the back of the eye, and there are no cones or rods

BIOLOGY (18 decks)

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