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Anatomy And Physiology II > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

(83 cards)

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0
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Encapsulates entire eyeball, mostly white, tough. Anterior is clear (cornea)

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1
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the eye?

A

Sclera, choroid, and retina

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2
Q

What are corneal abrasions?

A

Scratches on the cornea/any irregularity on the surface of the eye

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3
Q

Is it ok to use steroids on a corneal abrasion?

A

No, because it hinders the healing process.

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4
Q

What is the coroid?

A

Lines the posterior part of the eye, thin and black.

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5
Q

Which tunic contains most of the vasculature for the eye?

A

Coroid

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6
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum?

A

Layer of reflective cells built into the coroid layer.

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7
Q

What cells make up the tapetum lucidum?

A

Irrideophores

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8
Q

What is the retina?

A

Covers the interior posterior part of the eye, moist wet toilet paper.

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9
Q

What tunic has photoreceptors?

A

Retina

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10
Q

What are the photoreceptors?

A

Nerve cells that when stimulates help us see light, color and image

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11
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptors?

A

Rods and cones

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12
Q

What are rods?

A

Light sensitive nerve receptor cells.

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13
Q

Do animals or humans have more rods?

A

Animals

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14
Q

What are cones?

A

Color sensitive photoreceptors.

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15
Q

Do animals or humans have more cones?

A

Humans

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16
Q

What is the macula densa?

A

Bright yellow spot in the back of the eye with the central fovea.

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17
Q

What is the iris?

A

Pigmented part of the eye that is genetic and controls the amount of light let in.

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18
Q

What controls the iris?

A

Circular and radial fibers

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19
Q

Where are the circular fibers located?

A

Closest to the pupil?

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20
Q

Where are the radial fibers located?

A

Extend to putter parts of the iris

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21
Q

What is anisocoria

A

Difference is pupil size, associated with head trauma.

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22
Q

What is the lens?

A

Bi-convex shape used for focus

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23
Q

What is focal accommodation?

A

Focus of the lens

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24
What are the ciliary fibers?
Controls the shape of the lens.
25
What happens to the lens the harder we focus?
It flattens out
26
What is the lens made out of?
Packed layers of protiens
27
What is cataracts?
Causes protiens to harden, becoming brittle and porous which let's liquid in and makes lens become white.
28
What are the three chambers if the eyes?
Anterior, posterior, vitrous
29
What does the anterior chamber contain?
Aqueous humor.
30
Where is the anterior chamber located?
Located between the cornea and the iris
31
What is aqueous humor?
Watery, thin liquid. Helps with librication and keeps the eye round and flush.
32
What causes glaucoma?
Extra aqueous humor
33
Where is the posterior chamber located?
Located between the iris and lens with a small amount of aqueous humor.
34
Where is the vitreous chamber located?
Between the lens and the back of the eye, lining the retina. Contains vitreous humor
35
What is vitrous humor?
Very clear jelly like substance. Helps keep the rounded shape and helps with physiology
36
What is the optic disk aka blind spot?
Where the nerve protrudes through the 3 tunics of the eye, no photoreceptors
37
What is the optic nerve?
Extends from the eye to cerebrum. subjected to damage
38
What are two reasons for keratoconjuctivitis?
Lack of tear production or blocked mybomian glands
39
What is cherry eye?
Hyper trophy of the 3rd eyelid
40
What are the three regions of the ear?
External, middle ear, internal ear
41
What is the external ear?
Includes portion of the ear you can see
42
What is the function of the external ear?
Collects sound waves and direct then to the inner ear
43
What are the three parts of the external ear?
Auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane
44
Where is the middle ear?
Between the tympanic membrane and oval window
45
What does the middle ear contain?
Opening of eustatian tube and ossicles
46
What are the three ossicle?
Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes(stirrup)
47
What is the malleus?
"Hammer" connects to tympanic membrane. Biggest.
48
What is the incus?
Anvil, connected to malleus and stapes
49
What is the stapes?
Stirrup, base sits right over oval window
50
What is the function for the inner ear?
Sound and sense of balance
51
What are the two cavities if the inner ear?
Bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth
52
What does the bony labyrinth contain?
Parilymph
53
What does the membranous labyrinth contain?
Endolymph
54
What are the three sections of the inner ear?
Vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea
55
What is static equilibrium?
A sensation that helps you be aware of your posteur and balance when you are not moving
56
What is the vestibule made up of?
Sacule and utricle
57
What is the saccule?
Leads to the cochlea
58
What is the utricle?
Leads to semicircular canals
59
What is a ducts called in the vestibule?
Macula
60
What are the two membranes of the macula?
Otolithic membrane and receptor membrane
61
What is the otolithic membrane?
Flat membrane that contain otoliths
62
What is the receptor membrane?
Contains small cilia like receptors
63
What are the semicircular canals?
Large rings branching off of vestibule
64
What is the function if the semicircular canals?
Dynamic equilibrium to perceive balance and posteur while moving.
65
What is the ampulla?
Duct at the base of each ring
66
What are the two membranes of the semicircular membrane?
Crusts and cupula
67
What is the Crista?
Contains little receptor cells point and sharp
68
What is the cupula?
Heavy gelatinous membrane over Crista
69
What is the function of the cochlea?
Sound
70
What are the three chambers of the cochlea?
Scala tympani, scala vestibule, chi clear duct
71
What does the scala tympani contain?
Perilymph
72
What does the scala vestibuli contain?
Perylymph
73
What does the cholera duct contain?
Endolymph
74
Where is the cholera duct located?
Between tympani and vestibuli
75
What is the organ of corti?
Hearing portion of the ear inside of the chochlea
76
What are the two organs of the organ of corti?
Tectorial membrane and basilar membrane
77
What is the tectorial membrane?
Heavy gelatinous membrane
78
What is the basilar membrane?
Receptor cells
79
What are the three auditory nerves?
Vestibular nerve, cochlear nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve
80
What are otosectes cyanotes?
Ear mites
81
What will be present in infections?
Rod bacteria and WBC
82
What will more often have ear mites?
Kittens and young cats

Anatomy And Physiology II (6 decks)

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