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Anatomy And Physiology II > The Urinary System > Flashcards

The Urinary System Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the four basic structures of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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1
Q

What are the two basic functions of the urinary system?

A

Removal of toxic levels of normal substances in the body and body fluid regulation (blood volume content)

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2
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

In abdominopelvic cavity retro peritoneal

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3
Q

What is the adipose capsule?

A

Fatty capsule that isolates and surrounds the kidneys

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4
Q

What is the renal capsule?

A

Directly around the kidney under the adipose capsule

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5
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Outter bulk of kidney tissue

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6
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

Makes up central bulk of the kidney

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7
Q

What is the perinkaima?

A

Renal cortex and medulla

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8
Q

What are the renal pyramids?

A

Cone shaped structures that make up renal medulla

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9
Q

What is the nephron?

A

The functional unit of the kidney. Where urine is formed

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10
Q

How many nephrons does a cat have?

A

200,000/kidney

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11
Q

How many nephrons does a dog have?

A

700,000/kidney

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12
Q

What is a calyx?

A

Funnel like structure that a nephron empties into

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13
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Where all the clauses empty into the ureter

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14
Q

What is urine?

A

A byproduct of blood

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15
Q

Where is the only place where one artery goes into another artery?

A

Afferent and efferent arteries

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16
Q

What are the segmental arteries?

A

Branches off renal arteries, lead toward arteries that branch I between the pyramids

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17
Q

What are the inter lobar arteries?

A

Arteries I between the pyramids

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18
Q

What are the arcuate arteries?

A

Extend over the tops if the pyramids

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19
Q

What are the inter lobar arteries?

A

Branch into afferent arteries

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20
Q

What are afferent arteries?

A

Lead to glomerulosa

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21
Q

What are efferent arteries?

A

Goes to inter lobar viens

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22
Q

Explain the blood flow through the kidneys

A

Segmental A-Interlobar A-arcuate A-inter lobular A- afferent A- efferent a- inter lobular V- arcuate V- Interlobar V- segmental V- renal v

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23
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

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24
Where are the nephrons located?
In the medulla
25
What is the function if he nephron?
Filter blood and control blood volume
26
What are the two structures of the nephron?
Renal corpuscle and bowmans capsule
27
What is the glomerulus?
Tuft of tiny capillaries
28
Where is the glomerulus located?
Renal corpuscle
29
What has the highest hydrostatic pressure in the body?
Glomerulus
30
What is the bowmans capsule made of?
Parietal epithelium
31
What extends inward towards the center if the bowmans capsule and forms layers over the capillaries?2
Visceral epithelium
32
What are podocytes?
Wrap around capillaries
33
What are the filtration slits?
Formed from interlocked podocytes
34
What moves easily through the filteration slits?
Water, amino acids, enzymes, electrolytes, glucose
35
What cannot go through filteration slits?
Blood cells and protiens
36
What are the four basic structures of the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
37
What is the PCT?
Extension from the renal corpuscle to the loop of henle
38
What is the loop of henle?
Long dip in the nephron that goes to the center of the kidney and then back up
39
What is the DCt?
Gets twisty and empties into the collecting duct
40
What is the collecting duct?
Where the DCR dumps into
41
What is the peri tubular capillaries?
They surround pct and DCt
42
What is the vasa recta?
Mostly around the loop of henle
43
What is glomerular filtrate?
Plasma being forced out if glomerular capillaries into the bowmans. Capsule
44
What is the glomerular filtrate rate?
Mls of blood filtered though the glomeruli of the kidneys per min
45
What is tubular filtrate mostly made of?
Water
46
How much of tubular filteration is transported through the walls of the PCT?
80%
47
How does the fluid move through the tubular walls?
ADH
48
What does ADH do?
Travels to the kidney and amuses the wall of the nephron to be more porous
49
What are the substances that are transported in the tubular filtrate?
Water glucose and electrolytes
50
What are 5 electrolytes
K, cl, mg, ca, NA
51
Inside the DCT how much is reabsorbed?
15%
52
What are the substances reabsorbed in the DCT?
Water, electrolytes, urea
53
What influences the dtc?
Aldosterone
54
What does aldosterone do?
Increases reabsorption of sodium from the tubule back to the bloodstream
55
What two molecules follow each other like best friends?
Water and sodium
56
What is the DCT responsible for?
Secretion
57
What is secretion?
Movement of substances from peri tubular capillaries to the DCT
58
What are the two hormones that influence amount of reabsorption occurring between nephrons and the blood stream?
ADH and aldosterone
59
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Solely to control blood pressure in the body
60
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located?
Built into the walls of part of the DCT and afferent and. Efferent arteries
61
What do jg cells produce?
Renin
62
What is renin?
Produced for low BP
63
Where are jg cells located?
In afferent arteriolar
64
What is the macula densa?
Built into the wall of the DCT
65
What does the macula densa produce?
Renin inhibitor
66
What are the ureters capable of?
Paristalsis
67
What is the urinary bladder mostly made of?
Transitional epithelial cells
68
What is the trigon?
Make sensation for urination. Made if nerve receptor cells

Anatomy And Physiology II (6 decks)

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