Digoxin
0.5-2
Lithium
0.8-1.4
Vanco peak/trough
Peak 25-50
Trough 10-20
Glucose
70-100
WBC
4-11k
Hemoglobin/hematocrit
Hgb 14-18 male 12-16 female Hct 42-52 male 37-47 female
Neutrophil
50-70%
Platelets
150-400k
LDL
under 160
HDL
above 40-50
aPTT
25-35 seconds
INR
2-3 desired therapeutic level with warfarin
RBC
- 3-5.7 male
3. 1-5.1 female
what is red mans syndrome associated with
vancomycin
Iron deficiency anemia
Increased demand: Blood volume expansion during pregnancy, rbc synthesis by fetus; blood volume expansion in infancy/ childhood; chronic blood loss. Also from gastrectomy. Elevated RDA of iron during pregnancy.
Consequences: Fatigue, pallor, listlessness. RBCs become microcytic and hypochromic. If severe, can lead to dyspnea, tachycardia, and angina. Children: developmental problems, impaired cognition.
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Adenosine
Drug of choice for SVT only
Very short half life
Give IV push quickly, closest IV access to the heart
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Usually from impaired absorption such as in atrophy of gastric cells or gastric resection.
Regional enteritis
Celiac disease
Absence of IF: Pernicious anemia
Vit B12 is essential for DNA synthesis; it is a catalyst for activation of folic acid.
IF secreted by parietal cells.
B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia, neurologic damage, demyelination of neurons
Folic Acid Deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia: due to B12/Folic acid deficiency
Daily requirements increase during pregnancy and lactation: insufficient Folic acid during pregnancy can lead to neural tube abnormalities in the fetus.
Cause: poor diet (esp with alcohol disorder); malabsorption due to GI disease
Can also lead to Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, injury to the oral and GI mucosa. May increase risk of colorectal cancer and atherosclerosis
Treat: IM injection of folic acid and B12
Then orally at high doses (1000-2000 mcg/day for 1-2 weeks. Then maintenance dosing (400 mcg/day)
