Session 1 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the 2 semi independent parts of the Lymphatics system?
Tissues & organs
Capillaries & vessels
What are the 3 main functions of the Lymphatics system?
Defense
Fluid balance
Fat absorption
What is the direction of transport of fluid?
From the interstitial spaces to the blood
What is unique about lymphatic vessels?
No basement membranes so more permeable.
How are Lymphatic vessels like veins?
They have one way valves
How are Lymphatic vessels pressurised?
Contraction of skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle in wall
Pressure change in the chest due to breathing.
What are the 2 places that the lymphatic vessels empty in to?
Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
What lymph vessels drain into the right lymphatic duct and where does it empty?
Upper right limb
Right half of head, neck and chest
Empties into the right subclavian vein
What lymph vessels drain into the thoracic and where does it empty?
The rest of the body
Empties into the left subclavian vein
What are the 4 lymphoid organs?
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen
Thymus gland
What are the 2 sections of lymph nodes?
Outer section - Cortex (Part follicles and germinal centre with lymphocytes)
Inner section - Medulla (Phagocytic, macrophages)
What fluid components enter into the the blood?
Substances from plasma (nutrients, proteins) From cells (enzymes, waste)
How does the lymphatic system aid fat absorption?
Specific lymphatic vessels called lacteals in the small intestine lining. Fat goes to the lymphatic vessels and venous circulation.
What is Chyle?
Lymph that is milky in appearance due to fat.
How does the lymphatic system aid defence?
Removal of organisms and foreign substances from the lymph to activate the immune system.
What is Lymphadenopathy?
All lymph nodes are enlarged
What is Lymphadenitis?
Swollen, painful node responding to foreign antigen
How will a lymph node appear if it is a site for metastic cancer?
Usually swollen, firm and painless.
How is Tonsilitis caused?
Caused by congestion of the lymph tissue around the pharynx (usually trap and remove bacteria) with bacteria
What are the 2 tissue types that fill the sinuses in the spleen?
Red pulp & White pulp
What is in the red pulp of the spleen & how does it work?
Red blood cells & Macrophages
It receives arterial blood which passes into venous sinuses. Lined by macrophages to remove old red cells and recycle iron
What is in the white pulp of the spleen & how does it work?
Lymphocytes
It has T & B cell compartments with macrophages & other immune cells. It will recognise and remove pathogens and activate T & B cells.
What happens to the Thymus with age?
It is replaced with fat and connective tissue.
What does the Thymus produce?
T lymphocytes and protein hormones called thymosins
