Session 6 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the basic structure of Blood bourne viruses?
Nucleic acid Capsid (Protein around genome) Envelope (Some only) Glycoprotein Enzymes
What is a Virion?
The Genome and Capsid of a virus
Which of IGG and IGM comes first in a response?
IGM - First response and acute
IGG - Secondary
What investigations can you do of Blood Bourne Viruses?
Culture
Immunofluorescent
Polymerase Chain Reaction (Have specific primers for the DNA of the virus)
Microscopy
What is important to remember about Blood Bourne Viruses?
Can have an asymptomatic period
What is the genome type in HIV?
It is a single stranded RNA virus
What are the 2 types of HIV virus?
HIV 1
HIV 2
What cells are targeted by the HIV virus & Why is this so dangerous?
Host CD4 cells. It is so dangerous because these cells are critical to the immune system and they orchestrate it. So when they are all gone, the system is in trouble
What is the general pathogenesis of HIV?
The Virus and CD4 levels are stable until a certain point, and then they fall apart. The immune system becomes very weak and prone to opportunistic infections
How can HIV present?
Fever Rash Flu like Weight loss Pharyngitis Lymphadenopathy
What should you examine extra closely in a patient who may have HIV?
Mouth Eye Skin Lymphs Genitals Also do usual examinations
Why would you do a resistance profile when deciding how to treat a patient with HIV?
It sequences the DNA to look for mutations. This allows us to decide what drugs we can use that will be effective
What is the aim when treating HIV?
To maintain the immune system (Keep CD4 high)
How do we treat HIV?
Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy - 3 drugs that act in different sections of the drug cycle (1 to block the virus going into the cell, 2 to stop it making proteins, 3 to block the virus exiting the cell)
What is the prognosis for HIV?
It is dependent on time of diagnosis. The later the diagnosis, the lower the life expectancy
Why is it hard to get a vaccination for HIV?
Because there are many different types of HIV
How can you reduce mother to child transmission of HIV?
In pregnancy give antivirals
For the first 6 months after birth give antiretrals
Cesarean section
What are the different genotypes of Hepatitis B?
A-D. Outcome varies depending on the genotype
What is the most common way of transmitting HIV/Hepatitis B?
Through sex
What is the most common way of transmitting Hepatitis C?
Through intravenous drug use
What is the outcome for acute Hepatitis B?
The immune system can cure it (Especially in adults)
Symptoms, maybe jaundice
What happens to the liver in chronic Hepatitis B?
It can become inflammed leading to cirrhosis and failure (Acute can go straight to liver failure too)
What are some of the symptoms/signs for Hepatitis B?
Signs of liver stress; Clubbing, Ascities, Jaundice.
What is the different staging for Hepatitis B?
Acute
Chronic (Must have infection markers for more than 6 months)
Past
Vaccinated
