Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > Session 6 > Flashcards

Session 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of Blood bourne viruses?

A 
Nucleic acid
Capsid (Protein around genome)
Envelope (Some only)
Glycoprotein
Enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Virion?

A

The Genome and Capsid of a virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of IGG and IGM comes first in a response?

A

IGM - First response and acute

IGG - Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What investigations can you do of Blood Bourne Viruses?

A

Culture
Immunofluorescent
Polymerase Chain Reaction (Have specific primers for the DNA of the virus)
Microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is important to remember about Blood Bourne Viruses?

A

Can have an asymptomatic period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the genome type in HIV?

A

It is a single stranded RNA virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 types of HIV virus?

A

HIV 1

HIV 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells are targeted by the HIV virus & Why is this so dangerous?

A

Host CD4 cells. It is so dangerous because these cells are critical to the immune system and they orchestrate it. So when they are all gone, the system is in trouble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the general pathogenesis of HIV?

A

The Virus and CD4 levels are stable until a certain point, and then they fall apart. The immune system becomes very weak and prone to opportunistic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can HIV present?

A 
Fever
Rash
Flu like
Weight loss
Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should you examine extra closely in a patient who may have HIV?

A 
Mouth
Eye
Skin
Lymphs
Genitals
Also do usual examinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why would you do a resistance profile when deciding how to treat a patient with HIV?

A

It sequences the DNA to look for mutations. This allows us to decide what drugs we can use that will be effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the aim when treating HIV?

A

To maintain the immune system (Keep CD4 high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do we treat HIV?

A

Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy - 3 drugs that act in different sections of the drug cycle (1 to block the virus going into the cell, 2 to stop it making proteins, 3 to block the virus exiting the cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prognosis for HIV?

A

It is dependent on time of diagnosis. The later the diagnosis, the lower the life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is it hard to get a vaccination for HIV?

A

Because there are many different types of HIV

17
Q

How can you reduce mother to child transmission of HIV?

A

In pregnancy give antivirals
For the first 6 months after birth give antiretrals
Cesarean section

18
Q

What are the different genotypes of Hepatitis B?

A

A-D. Outcome varies depending on the genotype

19
Q

What is the most common way of transmitting HIV/Hepatitis B?

A

Through sex

20
Q

What is the most common way of transmitting Hepatitis C?

A

Through intravenous drug use

21
Q

What is the outcome for acute Hepatitis B?

A

The immune system can cure it (Especially in adults)

Symptoms, maybe jaundice

22
Q

What happens to the liver in chronic Hepatitis B?

A

It can become inflammed leading to cirrhosis and failure (Acute can go straight to liver failure too)

23
Q

What are some of the symptoms/signs for Hepatitis B?

A

Signs of liver stress; Clubbing, Ascities, Jaundice.

24
Q

What is the different staging for Hepatitis B?

A

Acute
Chronic (Must have infection markers for more than 6 months)
Past
Vaccinated

25
Q

What are some of the investigations for Hepatitis B?

A 
Ultrasound to see smooth, fatty, cancer
MRI
Biopsy & Microscopy
Bones
Oesophageal birases
26
Q

What should you monitor when treating a Hepatitis B patient?

A

Viral load
Liver function
Complications

27
Q

How can you prevent Hepatitis B infections mother to child?

A

Vaccinate the baby when its born

28
Q

What type of genome is Hepatitis B?

A

Single stranded RNA

29
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Hepatitis C?

A

Once exposed it stays and get chronic issues as silent

30
Q

Is it possible to cure Hepatitis C?

A

Yes, a combination of drugs can be used but bad side effects so there is less likely to be compliance

Infection (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions