Session 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Where does the neck extend from?
The lower border of the mandible to the supra sternal notch of the manubrium and upper border of the clavicle
What compartmentalises the structures in the neck?
Cervical fascia
What does the superficial cervical fascia contain?
Fat, platysma, cutaneous tissue, lymph nodes and superficial vessels (e.g. External jugular vein).
Loose connective tissue
Describe the different deep cervical fascia layers and what they surround (dense connective tissue)
Investing layer - surrounds neck, splits when it meets sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Pretracheal layer - muscular and visceral parts. Contains trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland and infrahyoid muscles
Pre vertebral layer - surrounds vertebral column and muscles
Carotid sheaths - formed from contributions of the above. Contains IJV, common carotid artery, vagus nerve and cervical lymph nodes
How can infections spread from the neck into the mediastinum (mediastinitis) and what can cause them?
Down the retropharyngeal and pretracheal spaces. Tracheostomy.
Does a swelling/lump in the thyroid gland move during swallowing?
Yes - it is enclosed by the pretracheal fascia which is attached to the hyoid bone
Describe the main groups of muscles of the head and what innervates them
Muscles of facial expression - facial nerve (CNVII)
Muscles of the cheek (buccinators) - facial nerve
Occipitofrontalis - facial nerve
Muscles of mastication - mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CNV)
What causes Bell’s palsy?
Inflammation of facial nerve near its exit of the cranium at the stylomastoid foramen
Where do most arteries supplying the face come from?
External carotid artery - gives off the facial artery and terminates as the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery
Describe the attachments, action and innervation of the platysma
Mandible to pectoral fascia
Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and skin of neck superiorly
Facial nerve
Describe the attachments, action and innervation of the sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid process to clavicle and sternum
Unilateral action: lateral flexion of neck and rotates chin superiorly
Bilateral action: flexion at neck and extension of Atlanto-occipital joint
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Describe the attachments, action and innervation of the trapezius
Back of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous processes to lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, scapula spine
Elevates and rotates scapula
Accessory nerve
Outline the borders of the anterior and posterior triangles
Anterior: inferior margin of mandible, anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid, midline of neck
Posterior: posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, anterior margin of trapezius
What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular
V1, V2, V3
What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
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List the muscles of facial expression
Obicularis oculi, obicularis Oris, buccinator, zygomaticus, platysma, epicranius frontalis
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis and masseter
What are the layers of the scalp?
SCALP Skin dense Connective tissue epicranial Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum
