Session 8 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity?
Olfaction, provides a route for, filters, moistens and warms inspired air, resonating chamber for speech
What is the vestibule?
Part of the external nose lined with skin, sebaceous glands and hair cells
What are features of the surface anatomy of the external nose?
Root, bridge, nostril, tip
What makes the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Nasal septum - vomer bone, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and septal cartilage
What makes the floor of the nasal cavity?
Roof of oral cavity - hard (maxilla and palatine) and soft palates
What makes the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and what are its features?
Maxilla. Conchae (projections) and meatuses. Area above superior conchae= spheno-ethmoidal recess
What septal defect should be examined with nasal injury?
Septal haematoma - blood accumulated between perichondrium and cartilage. If untreated leads to avascular necrosis and saddle nose deformity
What are the two types of mucous membranes in the nasal cavity?
Olfactory
Respiratory - pseudostratified ciliated colomnar
Where does the nasal cavity receive drainage from?
Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
Which cranial nerve carries general sensation from the nasal cavity?
Trigeminal
What are nasal polyps and how do they present?
Fleshy benign swellings arising from nasal mucosa. Blocked nose, usually bilateral, decreased smell, reduced taste, postnasal drip
What is rhinitis and what are the common causes?
Inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining. Viral or allergic. Leads to nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, nasal irritation
Describe the blood supply to the nasal mucosa
Branches of ophthalmic and maxillary artery. They form a point of anastomoses in anterior septum at Kiesselbach’s (or littles) area - most common source of bleeding in nose bleeds (epistaxis)
Venous drainage into cavernous sinus, facial vein and pterygoid plexus.
What are paranasal sinuses and what is their function?
Air filled extensions of the nasal cavity lined with respiratory mucosa. Help humidify and warm air and reduce the weight of the skull.
Where are the paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, frontal sinuses, sphenoidal sinuses
What is acute sinusitis and how does it present?
Acute inflammation of lining of sinus. Often secondary to viral infection of nasal cavity, also caused by dental infections. Conditions blocking Ostia of sinus (e.g. nasal polyps) increase risk. Non resolving cold, pyrexia, rhinorrhoea, headache worse on leaning forward, blocked nose, toothache (for maxillary). In rare cases it can spread to the orbit and affect sight.
How is acute sinusitis treated?
Usually self limiting, symptomatic treatment, antibiotics in severe cases
Describe nerve innervation of the nasal sinus
Antero-superior portion and most of paranasal sinuses - CNV1
Postero-inferior portion and maxillary sinus - CNV2
Where do most paranasal sinuses drain?
Below the middle meatus
What is Waldeyer’s Ring?
A ring of lymphoid tissue (tonsils) in the pharynx. 1 Pharyngeal, 2 tubal, 2 palatine, 1 linguinal
Where does the lymphoid tissue of Waldeyer’s ring drain into?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
