Session 2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
How is the skull divided?
Neurocranium - 8 bones housing brain. Frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid
Viscerocranium - 14 bones forming facial skeleton. Mandible, 2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, vomer, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae
Where is the cervical spine does damage usually occur during excessive flexion or extension?
Flexion - lower
Extension - upper. Hangman’s fracture is a bilateral fracture of the posterior arch of C2 (axis)
What is Jefferson’s fracture?
Burst fracture of C1 from axial compression
What can cause the intervertebral foramen to narrow and what are the signs?
Osteoarthritis in the zygapophyseal (facet) joints -> pain in dermatome +/- weakness in myotome
What are the two parts when the neurocranium is cut in half?
Calvaria and cranial floor
What is the Pterion and what is its clinical relevance?
Thinnest part of the calvaria at the junction between the parietal, frontal, sphenoid and temporal bones. Fracture here can damage the middle meninges like artery -> extradural haemorrhage (between periosteum and outermost meningeal layer)
What are the main sutures of the skull?
Coronal - frontal and parietal bones
Sagittal - parietal bones
Lamboid - parietal bones and occipital bone
Squamous - parietal and temporal bones
What are the signs of a basilar skull fracture?
Battles sign - bruising on mastoid process Raccoon eyes Haemotympanum - blood behind ear drum CSF otorrhea - from ear CSF rhinorrhea - from nose
What is just above the orbital margin of the frontal bone?
Supercillary arch (eyebrows)
What is the only moveable joint of the skull?
Temporomandibular joint
What is the function of fontanelles and what do they become?
Increase flexibility for passage during birth
Bregma - anterior
Lambda - posterior
Where does a fold of dura attach to on the ethmoid bone?
Crista galli
Where does the pituitary gland sit?
In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
What are the foramen found in the sphenoid bone?
Superior orbital fissure, optic canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum
What are the differences between a fetal and adult skull?
Disproportionately large calvaria relative to face
Presence of fontanelles
Absence of mastoid and styloid processes
Small nasal sinuses
