Session 10 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What does the nasopharynx contain?
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) and opening of ET
What clinical problems involve the adenoids?
Block nasal air flow - mouth breathing and snoring
Potentially block ET opening
Harbour chronic infection (can transmit to ET or sunuses -> otitis media/sinusitis)
What does the oropharynx contain?
Palatine tonsils
What does the laryngopharynx contain?
Piriform fossa (channels around epiglottis)
What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and what do they do?
Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing
Stylopharyngeus - styloid process -> posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Palatopharyngeus - hard palate -> posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Salpingopharngeus - cartilaginous part of ET -> merges with palatopharyngeus
What are the circular muscles of the pharynx and what do they do?
Constrict walls of pharynx when swallowing
Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor
What is the innervation of the muscles of the larynx?
All CNX except stylopharyngeus which is CNIX
What is the pharyngeal pouch?
A posteromedial false diverticulum due to failure of the UOS to relax and abnormal timing of swallowing (higher pressure in laryngopharynx -> outpouching in inferior constrictor muscle). Leads to bad breath, food regurgitation, coking on fluids, dysphagia.
Describe the sensory innervation of the pharynx
Naso - CNV2
Oro - CNIX
Laryngo - CNX
Describe the innervation of each stage of swallowing
Oral - CNVII (tongue)
Pharyngeal - CNV3, CNIX, CNX
Oesophageal - CNX (oesophagus)
What are common causes of dysphagia
Stroke, neurological disease (Parkinson’s/MS), COPD, dementia
What is the role of the supra/infra hyoid muscles during swallowing?
Supra - lifts the larynx and hyoid up and forward preventing aspiration of food into the airway. Most arise from the mandible. 4 pairs. Cranial nerves
Infra - stabilise the larynx by opposing the actions of supra hyoids during swallowing. 4 pairs. Cervical plexus
