Session 16 - Respiratory IV

Question 1

What is a epithelial upper airway malignant tumor?

Answer 1

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

What is the most frequent upper airway malignant tumor?

Answer 2

Adenocarcinoma

Question 3

Where do adenocarcinomas tend to arise from?

Answer 3

Respiratory or sinus epithelium

Question 4

What is an adenocarcinoma called with squamous cell differentiation?

Answer 4

Adenosquamous carcinoma

Question 5

What kind of neoplasia is associated with retroviral infections?

Answer 5

Chronic pneumonia +/- Nasal/pulmonary neoplasia

Question 6

What is jaagsiekte?

Answer 6

Ovine retroviral pulmonary adenocarcinoma

Question 7

What lesions do you see with jaagsiekte?

Answer 7

Heavy, wet lungs that do not collapse
Lobes w/ firm, grey nodules
Progress from cranioventral lobes to more generalized

Question 8

What type of neoplasia is jaagsiekte classified as?

Answer 8

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma

Question 9

What is the origin of most primary lung tumors? What cell types are most common?

Answer 9

Epithelial

Clara cells + Type II pneumocytes

Question 10

What paraneoplastic syndromes are seen with pulmonary neoplasia?

Answer 10

Hypercalcemia
Endocrinopathies
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Question 11

What is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?

Answer 11

Periosteal bone proliferation induced by several disease conditions including pulmonary neoplasia

Question 12

Where do most cancers that reach the pulmonary capillaries originate from?

Answer 12

Vena cava
– and –
Pulmonary artery

Question 13

What are common secondary neoplasms seen in the lungs?

Answer 13

Mammary 
Thyroid 
Uterine 
Osteosarcoma 
Vaccination-site sarcoma 
Lymphoma 
Malignant melanoma 
Hemangiosarcoma

Question 14

What is a syndrome seen in cats that have lung cancers?

Answer 14

Feline lung-digit syndrome

Question 15

What is feline lung-digit syndrome? What cancers does it occur with?

Answer 15

Metastisis of lung cancer to digits

Associated with bronchial and bronchioalveolar carcinoma

Question 16

What is a common gross pattern of metastasis seen when cancer spreads to the lungs?

Answer 16

Embolic pattern

Question 17

What are mesothelial cells?

Answer 17

Flat cells that coat surfaces of organs and body cavities

Secrete fluid that acts as lubrincant

Question 18

What is cancer of mesothelial cells called?

Answer 18

Mesothelioma

Question 19

What are some general characteristics of mesothelioma?

Answer 19

Produce a lot of fluid

Commonly see Thoracic, Pericardial, or peritoneal effusions

Question 20

What is the method of metastasis seen with mesothelioma?

Answer 20

Exfoliation and Implantation

Question 21

What in the lungs acts as protection against toxic gases?

Answer 21

Mucociliary blanket

Question 22

What do water soluble gases tend to do to the lungs?

Answer 22

Dissolve and irritate the upper airway mucosa

Question 23

What are the common water soluble gases?

Answer 23

Chlorine
Ammonia
Sulfur dioxide
Hydrogen chloride

Question 24

What do less soluble gases tend to do to the lungs?

Answer 24

They do not dissolve in the upper airway and therefor will reach the lower airway and damage the bronchiolar epithelium or alveoli

Question 25

What is a common pathologic change seen with toxic gases?

Answer 25

Pulmonary edema

Question 26

What is paraquat?

Answer 26

Broad spectrum herbacide

Question 27

What does paraquat do to animals?

Answer 27

Causes fatal toxic intersitial pneumonitis

Question 28

What is the pathologic mechanism that occurs with paraquat inhalation?

Answer 28

Metabolized by clara cells Metabolites cause release of free radicals Peroxidation + necrosis of type I and II pneumoncytes Massive edema and hemorrhage

Question 29

What is seen if an animal survives paraquat toxcity?

Answer 29

Extensive fibrosis

Question 30

What is responsible for pulmonary edema in lush pastures?

Answer 30

L-tryptophan

Question 31

What is the mechanism by which L-tryptophan causes pulmonary edema in cattle?

Answer 31

In the rumen L-tryptophan is metabolized into 3-methylindole This is absorbed and carried to the lungs in blood MFO's from Clara cells metabolize this into a pneumotoxin = Type I pneumocyte necrosis

Question 32

What are the clinical signs of L-tryptophan toxicity?

Answer 32

Dyspnea + Open mouth breathing

Question 33

What mold on sweet potatoes that can cause bovine pulmonary edema?

Answer 33

Fusarium solani

Question 34

What does Fusarium Solani contain that is toxic to cattle?

Answer 34

4-ipomeanol

Question 35

What makes 4-ipomeanol toxic to cattle?

Answer 35

Activated by MFO's from Clara cells | Oxidative injury to Type I pneumocytes + Bronchiolar epithelial cells

Question 36

What plants have similar pulmonary edema effects?

Answer 36

Perilla mint Stinkwood Rapeseed kale

Question 37

What are the key histological features seen with acute bovine pulmonary edema?

Answer 37

Hyaline membrane formation | Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

Question 38

What will the histology of bovine pulmonary edema look similar to?

Answer 38

ARDS

Question 39

Where is acute bovine pulmonary edema most concentrated in the lungs?

Answer 39

Caudal lungs

Question 40

What is another name for acute bovine pulmonary edema ?

Answer 40

Fog fever