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Pathology I > Session 4 - Hemodynamics + Hemostasis > Flashcards

Session 4 - Hemodynamics + Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What causes interstitial fluid edema when it comes to hydrostatic pressure?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure
– or —
Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure

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2
Q

How does severe liver disease cause edema?

A

Combination of reduced production of albulmin + Portal hypertension

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3
Q

What mechanism causes heart failure to cause edema?

A 
Decreased CO 
Decrease BF to kidneys 
Kidneys retain salt + water 
Activates renin 
Release of AngII = Vasoconstriction
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4
Q

What does canine congenital lymphedema cause?

A

Abnormal development of lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

What causes elephantiasis?

A

Extreme edema due to lymph vessels become blocked by filarial worms = interstitial swelling as fluids accumulate

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6
Q

What are the two methods for local increase in volume of blood?

A

Hyperemia + Congestion

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7
Q

What is hyperemia?

A

Active, arteriolar dilation

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8
Q

What is hyperemia called in the skin?

A

Erythema

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9
Q

What is congestion?

A

Passive, impaired outflow

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10
Q

What is hematoma?

A

Blood is enclosed within a tissue

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11
Q

What is petechiae?

A

Small hemorrhages

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12
Q

What is ecchymoses?

A

Large hemorrhages

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13
Q

What is hemosiderosis?

A

Excess iron storage within cells

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14
Q

What is extreme and pathologic excessive iron storage?

A

Hemochromatosis

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15
Q

What is erythrophagocytosis?

A

Macrophages that contain whole RBC’s

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16
Q

What are hemosiderophages?

A

Clusters of macrophages containing hemosiderin pigment

17
Q

What are the components of virchow’s triad?

A

Endothelial injury
Stasis or turbulence of BF
Blood hypercoagulability

18
Q

Why is virchow’s triad?

A

Factors that contribute to Hemostasis and thrombosis

19
Q

What is a thrombosis?

A

Inappropriate activation of hemostatic process in the blood vessel

20
Q

What are the four outcomes of coagulation?

A

Lysis/Resolution
Organisation
Recanalisation
Embolism

21
Q

What are the three phases of infarction?

A

Acute + Subacute + Chronic

22
Q

What is an acute infarction?

A

Red and often swollen or slightly raised

23
Q

What is a subacute infarction?

A

Affected areas become pale, often still surrounded by zones of hyperemia

24
Q

What is chronic infarction?

A

Pale, shrunken, firm

25
Q

What are four common reasons for edema that do not involve inflammation?

A

Reduced plasma oncotic pressure
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Sodium retention

Pathology I (19 decks)

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