Sheep and Goat

Question 1

What is the latin name for sheep and goat

Answer 1

Sheep: Ovis Aries
Goat: Capra aegagrus hircus

Question 2

When was sheep/goat domesticated?

Answer 2

8-10,000 B.C.

Question 3

Which sheep species is the main ancester of the domesticated sheep?

Answer 3

The mouflon (Oriental wild sheep)

Question 4

Can you cross a sheep with a goat?

Answer 4

ram x doe is possible

bock x ewe never

Question 5

What is a geep?

Answer 5

A sheep/goat hybrid
Artificial chimera (4 parents)
1984

Question 6

Where was the sheep/goat first domesticated?

Answer 6

Mesopotamia

Question 7

Give some microevolutionary changes
Coat and wool
Tail
Horns
Intelligence

Answer 7

Coat and wool
Wide variations in colour
Tail
Short/long/fat
Horns
Some are polled (sex influenced)
Intelligence
Sheep are neotenic and dependent on humans

Question 8

Give important differences between sheep and goat

1 Nutrition
2 Body conformation
3 Flocking instinct
4 Milk production

Answer 8

1 G is less selective than S, but has a higher dig efficiency
2 G has split upper lip and beard
3 S has a stronger flocking instinct than G
4 S has less efficient milk prod, more suitable for cheese
Goat milk is commonly consumed

Question 9

What is
Ewe
Gimmer/Theave

Answer 9

Ewe: female mature sheep
Gimmer: young female before lambing

Question 10

What is
Ram/Tup
Wether
Stag

Answer 10

Ram/Tup: uncastrated male sheep
Wether: castrated sheep/goat
Stag: male castrated after 6 months

Question 11

What is (lamb)
Sucker
Hogget
Shearling

Answer 11

Sucker: unweaned
Hogget: 9-18 months
Shearling: yearling before first shearling

Question 12

What is mutton

Answer 12

Meat of 1yr+ sheep (in some countries = goat meat)

Question 13

How can you identify sheep

Answer 13

Raddle: coloured pigment

Question 14

When is the mating season and lambing season?

Answer 14

Mating: fall
Gestation: 6 months
Lambing: early spring (Norway: easter)

Question 15

The milk of what species are appropriate for cheese making

Answer 15

Cow, sheep, goat

Question 16

What is special about the milk of a horse?

Answer 16

High lactose content

Question 17

What dairy products are made from sheeps milk?

Answer 17

Feta, Roquefort, Manchego, Ricotta

(High casein content)

Question 18

What dairy products are made from goat milk?

Answer 18

Goat cheese (Chevre)
Brunost

Question 19

Give 4 mating systems of S and G production?

Answer 19

Flock/mass mating
Harem mating
Stud/Hand mating
AI (mostly sheep, rarely goat)

Question 20

What are the breeding goals of sheep production?

Answer 20

Meat: more muscle, less fat
Prolificacy: high twinning rate
Wool: high quality
Milk: high yield

Question 21

What is the primary, secondary and tertiary use of goats=

Answer 21

1: milk
2: meat
3: wool (some species)

Question 22

What is characteristics of maternal and paternal sheep breeds?

Answer 22

Maternal: Hardy, good reprod and maternal abilities
(Prolific, early puberty, high (60-70%) twinning
Paternal: rapid growth, high carcass quality

Question 23

What is the lambing interval of milk type sheep?

Answer 23

6-9 months

Question 24

What is the milk yield of one lactation period for a sheep?

Answer 24

50-300 kg/lactation

Question 25

Give 5 milk-type sheep breeds

Answer 25

``` Friesland British milksheep Awassi - fat tailed Chios (feta) Lacune (roquefort) Tsigaia (Low potential, hungarian!!!!) ```

Question 26

Give the composition of sheep milk

Answer 26

F: 5.3 P: 5.5 L: 4.6 ASH: 0.9

Question 27

What is the heritability for milk fat % and protein %?

Answer 27

HIGH

Question 28

What is the heritability for milk yield?

Answer 28

H^2 = 0.1-0.5 (Low to medium)

Question 29

What are some carcass traits of the meat type sheep?

Answer 29

Carcass traits: | Weight, quality, fat amount, back fat thickness (23%) loin ratio, CLPG (muscular hypertrophy)

Question 30

Give Birth weight Weaning weight Daily weight gain

Answer 30

2-4 kg 30 days: 14-17 kg 100-600 kg/day

Question 31

What are the 5 (10) main mutton breeds?

Answer 31

``` Longwool: leicester, lincoln, romney Shortwool: suffolk, wiltshire, southdown German: black face/white face French: charolais Dutch: texel sheep (4 shank) ```

Question 32

Give 3 fur producer sheep breeds

Answer 32

Asian fat-tailed Asian fat-rumped Karakul sheep

Question 33

Give the composition of goat milk

Answer 33

F: 3.5 P: 3.1 L: 4.6 ASH: 0.79

Question 34

Give 3 milk-type goat breeds

Answer 34

Saanen Alpine Toggenburg

Question 35

Give the average goat milk yield

Answer 35

660-1880 liter

Question 36

Give some advantages of goat milk compared to other milks

Answer 36

Smaller FAs Less lactose (intolerance) Ca2+ content, vitamins

Question 37

Give the length of the lactation period of goat?

Answer 37

150-200 days/lactation

Question 38

Merino sheep

Answer 38

Fine wool type Mutation: sec hair follicles Diameter: 10-26 micrometers

Question 39

Wool characteristics

Answer 39

Primary follicles: kemp, medullated fibres, true wool | Sec follicles: only true wool fibers

Question 40

What are some parameters to judge the wool quality?

Answer 40

Uniformity Purity Colour Brightness

Question 41

What are some special characteristics of wool?

Answer 41

Specific thermal resistance (impedes heat transfer) Crimped and elastic Not hollow Absorbs moisture

Question 42

Meat producing goat breeds

Answer 42

West-African dwarf Somali goat Small Easy-African

Question 43

Dual purpose goat breeds:

Answer 43

Boer | Anglo-Nubian

Question 44

Wool producing goat breeds:

Answer 44

Cashmere (pashmina, double fleece) | Mohair/Angora (diamond fiber)

Question 45

When do sheep hit puberty

Answer 45

6-8 months

Question 46

How long is the gestation period for sheep?

Answer 46

145-150 days

Question 47

Give reprod traits of sheep

Answer 47

Seasonal polyestrus Fertile: sept to feb 8-10 cycles

Question 48

Breeding season:

Answer 48

Aug to nov

Question 49

How long is the lactation period?

Answer 49

100-180 days

Question 50

How long is the ovarian cycle of sheep?

Answer 50

17-18 days

Question 51

How long is the ovarian cycle of goat?

Answer 51

19-23 days

Question 52

How long does the heat last? | How can you detect it

Answer 52

30 hours | Male acceptance, standing, teasing

Question 53

What are fecundic genes?

Answer 53

``` FecB/FecX polyovulation Dosis effect Fec B: 1 good 2 better Fec X: 1 good 2 sterile (x) ```

Question 54

How can you breed for it?

Answer 54

Hemizygote ram | All female offspring will have one copy

Question 55

Give 6 genetic disorders of sheep/goat?

Answer 55

``` Hemophilia A Yellow fat Calli pyge Myotonia (goat) Spider lamb disease (Suffolk, oxford) Dwarfism ```

Question 56

What are differences between reprod traits in goat?

Answer 56

``` Higher seasonality Cycle: 21 days Obvious heat Pseudopregnancy Lactation anestrus Less breed variance ```

Question 57

Breeding technologies in sheep/goat prod

Answer 57

Extensive (once a year) long inactive period Semi-intensive (3 times in 2 years) shorter inactive period Intensive (8-10 000 ewes) barely inactive period

Question 58

Give 4 flock management styles

Answer 58

Range band flocks (1000-1500 ewes) Farm flocks Specialized flocks Hobby flocks

Question 59

What forms of protection can the shepherd use?

Answer 59

Fence Herding dogs, guard dogs Guarding llama