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MSK > Shoulder And Arm > Flashcards

Shoulder And Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the shoulder

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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2
Q

List the shoulder joints

A

Stenoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
(Scapulothoracic)

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3
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball + socket

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4
Q

Difference between the shoulder and hip joint

A

Glenohumeral joint is shallower - more mobile

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5
Q

What type of bone is the scapula?

A

Irregular bnoe

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6
Q

What is the articulation of the scapula?

A

Glenohumeral joint
Acromioclavicular joint

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7
Q

What does the glenohumeral joint articulate?

A

Scapula - glenoid fossa
Humerus - head

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8
Q

What does the Acromioclavicular joint articulate?

A

Clavicle - acromial facet
Scapula - acromion

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9
Q

Bony landmarks on lateral surface of scapula

A

Glenoid fossa
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle

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10
Q

Bony landmarks on the posterior surface of the scapula

A

Spine
Acromion
Infraspinatus fossa
Supraspinous fossa

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11
Q

What type of bone is the clavicle?

A

Long bone

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12
Q

Location of the clavicle

A

Extends between manubrium of sternum + acromion of scapula

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13
Q

Functions of the clavicle

A
  • Attaches upper limbs to trunk
  • Protects underlying neurovascular structures
  • Transmits force from the upper limb to axial skeleton
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14
Q

Articulation of the clavicle

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint

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15
Q

What does the sternoclavicular joint articulate?

A

Manubrium of sternum
Clavicle - sternal facet

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16
Q

Function of the shaft of the clavicle

A

Acts as a lint of origin + insertion for:
- deltoid
- trapezius
- subclaviculus
- pectoral major
- stenocleidomastoid
- sternohyoid

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17
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane type synovial joint

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18
Q

Function of the acromioclavicular joint

A

Small degree of axial rotation
Anteroposterior movemnent

Initiated by movement elsewhere due to no muscles directly on joint - passive

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19
Q

What attaches to the acromial end of the clavicle and where?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

Conoid ligament to consider tubercle
Trapezoid ligament to trapezoid line

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20
Q

What are the atypical features of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Articulate surfaces lined with fibrocartilage
Joint cavity partially divided by articular disc

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21
Q

What normally lines the articular surfaces of joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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22
Q

What is the articular disc in the joint cavity of he acromioclavicular joint?

A

A wedge of fibrocartilage
Suspended form upper part of capsule

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23
Q

What are the stabilising ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament - conoid + trapezoid

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24
Q

Where is the acromioclavicular ligament between?

A

Acromion to lateral clavicle
Horizontally

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25
Q

Where is the conoid ligament between?

A

Coracoid process of scapula to conoid tubercle of clavicle
Vertically

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26
Q

Where is the trapezoid ligament between?

A

Coracoid process of scapula to trapezoid line of clavicle
Vertically

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27
Q

What does the joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint consist of?

A
  • Loose fibrous layer
  • Synovial membrane lining > secretes synovial fluid
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28
Q

Function of the loose fibrous layer of the joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint

A

Encloses two articular surfaces
Gives rise to articular disc

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29
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicluar joint?

A

Saddle type synovial joint

30
Q

What does the sternocalvicular joint consist of?

A

Sternal end of clavicle
Manubrium of sternum
Upper medial part of 1st costal cartilage

31
Q

Atypical features of sternoclavicular joint

A

Articular surfaces lined with fibrocartilage

32
Q

What does the articular disc of the sternoclavicular joint do?
What is its function?

A
  • Separates joint into two compartments
  • Allows clavicle + manubrium to slide over each other more freely
33
Q

Mobility of sternoclavicular joint

A

Very mobile

34
Q

Strength of sternoclavicular joint

A

Very strong

35
Q

Movements of the sternoclavicular joint

A

Elevation/shrugging of shoulders
Depression/drooping of shoulders
Rotation
Protraction
Retraction

36
Q

What is protraction?

A

Moving shoulder girdle anteriorly

37
Q

What is retraction?

A

Moving shoulder girdle posteriorly

38
Q

What does the proximal humerus articulate with?

A

Glenoid fossa
Glenohumeral joint

39
Q

What does the distal humerus articulate with?

A

Head of the radius
Trochlear notch of ulna

40
Q

Function of the intertubercular sulcus/groove

A
  • Separates the two tubercles
  • Tendon of long head of bicep brachii runs through
41
Q

What are the edges of the intertubercluar sulcus called?

A

Lips

42
Q

What does ‘a lady between two majors’ refer to?

A

Insertions of the intertubercular sulcus + lips

Lateral lip - pectoralis major
Intertubercular sulcus - latissimus doris
Medial lip- teres major

43
Q

Insertion of lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

A

Pectoralis major

44
Q

Insertion of medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

A

Teres major

45
Q

Insertion of intertubercular sulcus

A

Latissimus dorsi

46
Q

What cartilage lines the glenohumeral joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage

47
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball + socket synovial joint

48
Q

Is the glenoidhumeral joint more stable or mobile?

A

Highly mobile + flexible at the expense of stability

49
Q

Why is the glenohumeral joint not very stable?

A

Shallow glenoid fossa

50
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

Rim of fibrocartilaginous tissue around edge of glenois fossa

51
Q

Function of the glenoid fossa

A

Increases stability by deepening socket
Decreased risk of dislocation

52
Q

What makes the glenohumeral joint more stable?

A

Glenoid fossa
Rotator cuff muscles
Ligaments - superior, middle + inferior

53
Q

What part of the glenohumeral joint is the weakest and why?

A

Inferior aspect
No rotator cuffs to reinforce

54
Q

List the glenohumeral ligaments

A

Superior GHL
Middle GHL
Inferior GHL

55
Q

Where are the glenoidhumeral ligaments located?

A

Anterior aspect of the glenohumeral joint

56
Q

Function of the glenohumeral joint

A

Reinforce the joint capsule
Increase stability
Decrease risk of anterior dislocation

57
Q

List the ligaments of the shoulder

A

Superior GHL
Middle GHL
Inferior GHL
Coracoclavicular ligament - conoid + trapezoid
Transverse humeral ligament
Coraco-acromial ligament

58
Q

Where is the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Between the greater + lesser tubercles of humerus

59
Q

Function of the transverse humeral ligament

A

Provides tunnel for long head of biceps

60
Q

Where is the coraco-acromial ligament

A

Between the Coracoid process + acromion

61
Q

Function of the coraco-acromial ligament

A

Provides tunnel for supraspinatus tendon
Prevents superior dislocation

62
Q

Mechanism of superior dislocation of shoulder

A

Falling on outstretched hand

63
Q

List the superficial extrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Trapezoid
Latissimus dorsi

64
Q

List the deep extrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

65
Q

List the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Deltoid
Teres major
Rotator muscles - supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapualris

66
Q

Origin of the trapezius muscle

A

External occipital protuberance
Nuchae ligament
Spinous processes C7-T12

67
Q

Insertion of the trapezius

A

Clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

68
Q

Innervation of the trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve
Proprioceptor fibres from C3-4

69
Q

Action of the trapezius

A

Upper fibres - ABduction >90°
Middle fibres - retract scapula
Lower fibres - pull scapular inferiorly

70
Q

Clinical test for the power of the trapezius muscle

A

Ask patient to shrug their shoulders whilst you attach to push them back down

MSK (25 decks)

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