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MSK > The Knee + Anterior + Medial Thigh > Flashcards

The Knee + Anterior + Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medalists
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Pectineus
Sartorius
Iliopsoas - Iliacus + psoas major

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2
Q

Arterial supply of the anterior thigh

A

Branches of the femoral artery - LFCA + MFCA
- profunda femoris

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3
Q

Action of the quadriceps muscles

A

Extends knee

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4
Q

Innervation of the anterior thigh

A

Femoral nerve L2,3,4

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5
Q

Insertion of the quadriceps

A

Base of patella via quadriceps tendon

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6
Q

Function of Vastus medialis obliquus

A

Resists lateral displacement of patella

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7
Q

Order of the Pes anserinus superior to inferior

A

Say Grace before Tea
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

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8
Q

Name the muscle of the medial thigh from superior to inferior

A

Obturator externus
ADductor brevis
ADductor longus
ADductor Magnus
Gracillis medially

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9
Q

Innervation of the the medial thigh

A

Obturator nerve L2,3,4

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10
Q

Action of medial thigh

A

Hip ADductors

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11
Q

Arterial supply to medial thigh

A

Obturator artery

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12
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

SAIL
Sartorius lateral
ADductor longus medial
Inguinal Ligament superior

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13
Q

Roof of the femoral triangle

A

Fascia lata

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14
Q

Base of the femoral triangle

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Adductor longus

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15
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle

A

NAVEL
Lateral
femoral Nerve
femoral Artery
femoral Vein
Empty space
Lympathics
Medial

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16
Q

What structures are within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery + vein
Lymphatics

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17
Q

What does the empty space in the femoral triangle allow?

A

Veins + lymph vessels to distend to cope with varying levels of flow

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18
Q

Contents of the femoral canal

A

Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Empty space
Loose connective tissue

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19
Q

Borders of the femoral canal

A

Medial - lacunar ligament
Lateral - femoral vein
Anterior - inguinal ligament
Posterior - pectineal ligament
- superior ramus of pubic bone
- Pectineus muscle

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20
Q

What is the femoral ring?

A

Opening at superior border of the femoral canal

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21
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

Passageway for structures passing between anterior thigh + posterior leg

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22
Q

Contents of the adductor canal

A

Femoral artery + vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to Vastus medialis

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23
Q

Hypertrophy of borders of adductor canal can cause what?

A

ADducor canal compression syndrome

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24
Q

Borders of the adductor canal

A

Anterior - Sartorius
Lateral - Vastus medialis
Posterior - ADductor longus + Magnus

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25
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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26
Q

Articulation of the knee joint

A

Distal femur
Proximal tibia
Patella

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27
Q

Joints of the knee

A

Tibiofemoral joint - weight bearing joint
Patellofemoral joint

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28
Q

Blood supply to the knee

A

Genicular anastomoses

29
Q

What is the knee joint supported by?

A

Joint capsule
Ligaments
Menisci

30
Q

Blood supply to the menisci of the knee + how it changes over time

A

From the periphery

Decreases with age&raquo_space; central meniscus is a vascular in adulthood - impaired healing

31
Q

Function of the posterior meniscofemoral ligament

A

Helps stabilise posterior horn of lateral meniscus by attaching it to the medial femoral condyle

32
Q

What collateral ligament of the knee is more likely to tear and why?

A

Medial collateral ligament as it is attached to the medial meniscus

LCL isn’t attached to lateral meniscus

33
Q

Function of meniscus

A
  • Act as shock absorbers- increase surface area
  • Deepens articular surface of tibia - increased stability
34
Q

What is the inter nodular eminence an attachment site for?

A

ACL
Menisci

35
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

Damage to the ACL, medial collateral ligament + medial meniscus

36
Q

Function of the ACL

A

Prevents posterior movements of femur over tibia

37
Q

Attachments of the ACL

A

Anterior medial tibia - intercondylar eminence
Lateral condyle of femur

38
Q

Attachments of PCL

A

Posterior lateral tibia
Medial condyle of femur

39
Q

Function of the PCL

A

Prevents femur from sliding anteriorly off tibia

40
Q

Function of the medial collateral ligament

A

Resists valgus angulation }{

41
Q

Attachments of medial collateral ligament

A

Medial epicondyle of femur
Medial condyle of tibia

42
Q

Function of lateral collateral ligament

A

Resists varus angulation { }

43
Q

Attachments of lateral collateral ligament

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur
Depression on lateral surface of fibular head

44
Q

What are bursa?

A

Small sac lined by synovial membrane

45
Q

Function of bursa

A

Reduce friction between bones and soft tissue

46
Q

What are the 6 bursae of the knee

A

Suprapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
Deep infrapatellar bursa
Subsatorial bursa
Semimembranosus bursa

47
Q

What muscles allow extension of knee?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedialis
Vastus lateralis

48
Q

What muscles allow flexion of the knee?

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

49
Q

What muscles allow lateral rotation of the knee?

A

Biceps femoris

50
Q

What muscles allow for medial rotation of the knee?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus

51
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the lower limbs?

A

Femoral artery

52
Q

Where does the popliteal artery start and what from?

A

Femoral artery after leaving adductor canal

53
Q

What does the femoral artery split into in the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris artery which branches into:
- LFCA
MFCA
Perforating branches

54
Q

What arteries supply the gluteal region?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

55
Q

Where does the Obturator artery supply?

A

Medial thigh

56
Q

Outline the deep veins of the lower limb

A

Popliteal vein > (adductor hiatus) > femoral vein > profunda femoris vein > (inguinal ligament) > external iliac vein

Superior + inferior gluteal veins > internal iliac vein

57
Q

What are the main superficial veins of the lower limbs?
Where do they run?

A

Great saphenous vein - medially
Small saphenous vein - laterally

58
Q

Where do the superficial medial lymph vessels drain into and what do they follow?

A

Inferior superficial inguinal lymph
Follows the great saphenous vein

59
Q

Where do the superficial lateral lymph vessels drain into and what do they follow?

A

Deep inguinal nodes
Follows small saphenous vein

60
Q

Where do the deep lymph vessels drain into?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

61
Q

Action of sartorius

A
  • flexes, ABducts + laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
  • flexes + medially rotates leg at knee joint
62
Q

Action of pectineus

A

ADducts + flexes thigh at hip

63
Q

Action of iliopsoas

A

Flexion at hip joint
Assists lateral rotation at hip

64
Q

Action of obturator externus

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

65
Q

Action of gracillis

A

ADducts thigh at hip
Flexes knee

66
Q

What are the parts of adductor Magnus?

A

Adductor
Hamstring

67
Q

Innervation of the parts of adductor magnus

A
  • adductor compartment: obturator nerve S2-4
  • hamstring compartment: sciatic nerve L4-S3
68
Q

What separates the insertion of the parts of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor hiatus

69
Q

What drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

A

Great saphenous vein

MSK (25 decks)

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