The Knee + Anterior + Medial Thigh Flashcards by Emily Stephens

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

Rectus femoris
Vastus medalists
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Pectineus
Sartorius
Iliopsoas - Iliacus + psoas major

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Arterial supply of the anterior thigh

Branches of the femoral artery - LFCA + MFCA
- profunda femoris

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Action of the quadriceps muscles

Extends knee

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Innervation of the anterior thigh

Femoral nerve L2,3,4

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Insertion of the quadriceps

Base of patella via quadriceps tendon

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Function of Vastus medialis obliquus

Resists lateral displacement of patella

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Order of the Pes anserinus superior to inferior

Say Grace before Tea
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

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Name the muscle of the medial thigh from superior to inferior

Obturator externus
ADductor brevis
ADductor longus
ADductor Magnus
Gracillis medially

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Innervation of the the medial thigh

Obturator nerve L2,3,4

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Action of medial thigh

Hip ADductors

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Arterial supply to medial thigh

Obturator artery

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Borders of the femoral triangle

SAIL
Sartorius lateral
ADductor longus medial
Inguinal Ligament superior

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Roof of the femoral triangle

Fascia lata

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Base of the femoral triangle

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Adductor longus

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Contents of the femoral triangle

NAVEL
Lateral
femoral Nerve
femoral Artery
femoral Vein
Empty space
Lympathics
Medial

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What structures are within the femoral sheath?

Femoral artery + vein
Lymphatics

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What does the empty space in the femoral triangle allow?

Veins + lymph vessels to distend to cope with varying levels of flow

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Contents of the femoral canal

Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Empty space
Loose connective tissue

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Borders of the femoral canal

Medial - lacunar ligament
Lateral - femoral vein
Anterior - inguinal ligament
Posterior - pectineal ligament
- superior ramus of pubic bone
- Pectineus muscle

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What is the femoral ring?

Opening at superior border of the femoral canal

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What is the adductor canal?

Passageway for structures passing between anterior thigh + posterior leg

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Contents of the adductor canal

Femoral artery + vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to Vastus medialis

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Hypertrophy of borders of adductor canal can cause what?

ADducor canal compression syndrome

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Borders of the adductor canal

Anterior - Sartorius
Lateral - Vastus medialis
Posterior - ADductor longus + Magnus

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What type of joint is the knee joint?

Synovial hinge joint

Articulation of the knee joint

Distal femur Proximal tibia Patella

Joints of the knee

Tibiofemoral joint - weight bearing joint Patellofemoral joint

Blood supply to the knee

Genicular anastomoses

What is the knee joint supported by?

Joint capsule Ligaments Menisci

Blood supply to the menisci of the knee + how it changes over time

From the periphery Decreases with age >> central meniscus is a vascular in adulthood - impaired healing

Function of the posterior meniscofemoral ligament

Helps stabilise posterior horn of lateral meniscus by attaching it to the medial femoral condyle

What collateral ligament of the knee is more likely to tear and why?

Medial collateral ligament as it is attached to the medial meniscus LCL isn’t attached to lateral meniscus

Function of meniscus

- Act as **shock absorbers**- increase surface area - **Deepens articular surface of tibia** - increased stability

What is the inter nodular eminence an attachment site for?

ACL Menisci

What is the unhappy triad?

Damage to the ACL, medial collateral ligament + medial meniscus

Function of the ACL

Prevents posterior movements of femur over tibia

Attachments of the ACL

Anterior medial tibia - intercondylar eminence Lateral condyle of femur

Attachments of PCL

Posterior lateral tibia Medial condyle of femur

Function of the PCL

Prevents femur from sliding anteriorly off tibia

Function of the medial collateral ligament

Resists valgus angulation }{

Attachments of medial collateral ligament

Medial epicondyle of femur Medial condyle of tibia

Function of lateral collateral ligament

Resists varus angulation { }

Attachments of lateral collateral ligament

Lateral epicondyle of femur Depression on lateral surface of fibular head

What are bursa?

Small sac lined by synovial membrane

Function of bursa

Reduce friction between bones and soft tissue

What are the 6 bursae of the knee

Suprapatellar bursa Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa Deep infrapatellar bursa Subsatorial bursa Semimembranosus bursa

What muscles allow extension of knee?

Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus intermedialis Vastus lateralis

What muscles allow flexion of the knee?

Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

What muscles allow lateral rotation of the knee?

Biceps femoris

What muscles allow for medial rotation of the knee?

Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus

What is the main artery that supplies the lower limbs?

Femoral artery

Where does the popliteal artery start and what from?

Femoral artery after leaving adductor canal

What does the femoral artery split into in the femoral triangle?

Profunda femoris artery which branches into: - LFCA MFCA Perforating branches

What arteries supply the gluteal region?

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Where does the Obturator artery supply?

Medial thigh

Outline the deep veins of the lower limb

Popliteal vein > (adductor hiatus) > femoral vein > profunda femoris vein > (inguinal ligament) > external iliac vein Superior + inferior gluteal veins > internal iliac vein

What are the main superficial veins of the lower limbs? Where do they run?

Great saphenous vein - medially Small saphenous vein - laterally

Where do the superficial medial lymph vessels drain into and what do they follow?

Inferior superficial inguinal lymph Follows the great saphenous vein

Where do the superficial lateral lymph vessels drain into and what do they follow?

Deep inguinal nodes Follows small saphenous vein

Where do the deep lymph vessels drain into?

Popliteal lymph nodes

Action of sartorius

- flexes, ABducts + laterally rotates thigh at hip joint - flexes + medially rotates leg at knee joint

Action of pectineus

ADducts + flexes thigh at hip

Action of iliopsoas

Flexion at hip joint Assists lateral rotation at hip

Action of obturator externus

Lateral rotation of thigh

Action of gracillis

ADducts thigh at hip Flexes knee

What are the parts of adductor Magnus?

Adductor Hamstring

Innervation of the parts of adductor magnus

- **adductor compartment**: obturator nerve S2-4 - **hamstring compartment**: sciatic nerve L4-S3

What separates the insertion of the parts of adductor magnus?

Adductor hiatus

What drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

Great saphenous vein

The Knee + Anterior + Medial Thigh Flashcards

(69 cards)