Shoulder and arm

Question 1

Trapezius - attachments

Answer 1

Proximal: external occipital protuberance, occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Distal: Posterior border of lateral third of clavicle, medial margin of acromion, posterior border of scapular spine

Question 2

Trapezius - innervation

Answer 2

Motor supply - accessory nerve (CNXI)

Proprioceptive fibres - C3, C4

Question 3

Trapezius - action

Answer 3

Elevation, depression and retraction of scapula

Question 4

Latissimus dorsi - attachments

Answer 4

Proximal: Aponeurosis of posterior layer of thoracocolumnar fascia, spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, most inferior 3/4 ribs (may also attach to iliac crest)

Distal: intertubercular groove of humerus in between insertion points of pec major and teres major.

Question 5

Latissimus dorsi - innervation

Answer 5

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

Question 6

Latissimus dorsi - action

Answer 6

Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

Question 7

Levator scapulae - attachments

Answer 7

Proximal: Transverse processes of C1-C4

Distal: Superior portion of medial border of scapula

Question 8

Levator scapulae - innervation

Answer 8

C3 and C4 - cervical plexus

Branch of dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (lower fibres)

Question 9

Levator scapulae - action

Answer 9

Elevates the scapula

Question 10

Deltoid - attachments

Answer 10

Proximal: Lateral third of clavicle, superior surface of acromion, spine of scapula

Distal: Fibres converge into tendon which is attached to deltoid tuberosity (lateral aspect of shaft of humerus)

Question 11

Deltoid - innervation

Answer 11

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 12

Deltoid - action

Answer 12

Abduction, flexion and extension of the humerus

Question 13

Supraspinatus - attachments

Answer 13

Proximal: Medial 2/3 of supraspinatus fossa from supraspinatus fascia

Distal: Fibres converge to form tendon which inserts into greater tubercle of humerus

Question 14

Supraspinatus - innervation

Answer 14

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 15

Supraspinatus - action

Answer 15

Abduction of arm and stabilises humerus (works with deltoid)

Question 16

Infraspinatus - innervation

Answer 16

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 17

Infraspinatus - action and attachments

Answer 17

Lateral rotation of humerus and braces head of humerus in glenoid fossa

Proximal: Medial 2/3 of infraspinatus fossa from infraspinatus fascia

Distal: Fibres converge to form tendon which inserts into greater tubercle of humerus

Question 18

Teres minor - attachments

Answer 18

Proximal: Lateral border of scapula

Distal: Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 19

Teres minor - innervation

Answer 19

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 20

Teres minor - action

Answer 20

One of four rotator cuff muscles

Stabilises shoulder joint

Question 21

Teres minor - action

Answer 21

One of four rotator cuff muscles - Stabilises shoulder joint
Lateral rotation and weak adduction of arm

Question 22

Teres major - innervation

Answer 22

Lower subscapular nerve (C6, C7)

Question 23

Teres major - action

Answer 23

Extension of arm from flexed position

Adduction and medial rotation of arm

Question 24

Subscapularis - attachments

Answer 24

Proximal: Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa + lower 2/3 of lateral border of scapula

Distal: Fibres converge into tendon which inserts into lesser tubercle of humerus and anterior portion of shoulder joint capsule

Question 25

Subscapularis - innervation

Answer 25

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)

Question 26

Subscapularis - action

Answer 26

One of four rotator cuff muscles Stabilises shoulder joint, preventing anterior displacement of humerus Medial rotation and adduction of humerus at shoulder

Question 27

Pectoralis major - attachments

Answer 27

Proximal: Sternal half of clavicle, upper half of sternum, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle Distal: All 3 parts of muscle end as a flat tendon inserted into the inter tubercular groove of the humerus

Question 28

Pectorals major - innervation

Answer 28

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-C8)

Question 29

Pectoralis major - action

Answer 29

Adduction, medial rotation, flexion of humerus

Question 30

Biceps brachii - attachments

Answer 30

Proximal: Short head - apex of coracoid process Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Distal: Both muscle allies join to form a flattened tendon that is inserted into the radial tuberosity

Question 31

Biceps brachii - innervation

Answer 31

Musculocutaenous nerve (C5, C6)

Question 32

Biceps brachii - action

Answer 32

Supinator of forearm (with forearm partially flexed) | Flexor of supinated forearm

Question 33

Coracobrachialis - attachments

Answer 33

Proximal: Apex of coracoid process of scapula Distal: Middle of medial surface and border of humerus

Question 34

Coracobrachialis - innervation

Answer 34

Musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)

Question 35

Coracobrachialis - action

Answer 35

Flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder

Question 36

Brachialis - attachments

Answer 36

Proximal: Arises from distal half of the anterior humerus Distal: Inserts into the tuberosity and anterior surface of the coranoid process of ulna

Question 37

Brachialis - innervation

Answer 37

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

Question 38

Brachialis - action

Answer 38

Flexor of forearm at elbow

Question 39

Triceps brachii - attachments

Answer 39

Proximal: Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head/Medial head - posterior surface of humerus Distal: All head insert by common tendon into posterior portion of proximal olecranon of ulna

Question 40

Triceps brachii - innervation

Answer 40

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

Question 41

Triceps brachii - action

Answer 41

Extension of forearm at elbow | Long head - extension of humerus

Question 42

Anconeous - attachments

Answer 42

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Distal: Lateral aspect of olecranon and upper dorsal surface of body of ulna

Question 43

Anconeus - innervation

Answer 43

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

Question 44

Anconeus - action

Answer 44

Extension of forearm at elbow