Shoulder to Elbow Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
what are some parts at the top of the humerus bone ?
A
head, greater tubercle, anatomical neck, surgical neck, less tubercle and inter tubercular sulcus
2
Q
what are some parts at the bottom of the humerus bone ?
A
medial epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, olecranon fossa and lateral epicondyle
3
Q
what are the two arm compartments ?
A
posterior (extensors) and anterior (flexors)
4
Q
what nerve innervates the anterior (flexor) compartment ?
A
musculocutaneous N
5
Q
what nerve innervates the posterior (extensor)
A
radial N
6
Q
what are the three arm flexors ?
A
- supination (biceps)
- shoulder flexion (coracobrachialis)
- elbow flexion (brachialis)
7
Q
what happens in the case of a rupture of long head of biceps ?
A
generally not surgically repaired, minimal weakness in upper limb dur to action of brachialis
8
Q
what does the rupture of long head of biceps look like ?
A
Popeye sign
9
Q
what is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve ?
A
- in front of the humerus
- pierces coracobrachialis
10
Q
how can the musculocutaneous N be injured ?
A
shoulder dislocation (loss of shoulder flexion, forearm supination and elbow flexion)
11
Q
what nerve supplies the arm extensors ?
A
radial nerve
12
Q
what muscle is responsible for forearm extension ?
A
triceps
13
Q
what muscle is responsible for arm extensions ?
A
long head of the biceps
14
Q
what is the predominate population of humeral shaft fracture ?
A
- young people, high-energy trauma
- older people, osteopenia
15
Q
what does it mean if you have osyeopenia ?
A
more susceptible to fractures
16
Q
what is a risk of humeral shaft fractures ?
A
radial N palsy
17
Q
what symptoms would you expect from a humeral shaft fracture ?
A
- reduced wrist extension + radial deviation
- reduced elbow flexion (brachialis)
18
Q
what nerve innervates the whole posterior upper limb ?
A
the radial nerve
19
Q
where does the radial nerve course ?
A
- behind the humerus
- under lateral head of triceps
- along radial groove
20
Q
what is the axilla ?
A
- armpit
- fat-filled space
21
Q
what does the axilla do ?
A
- provides passageway for blood vessels and nerves
- contains axillary lymph nodes
22
Q
what three things can you find at the axilla ?
A
nerves, arteries and veins
23
Q
what three muscles are the flexors (of the arm) ?
A
biceps, brachialis and coracobrachialis
24
Q
what muscle is the extensor (of the arm) ?
A
triceps
25
muscles of the arm are innervated by what two nerves ?
musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve
26
is radial N palsy possible without a humeral shaft break ?
yes
27
the axilla represents a transition zone from ____
the thorax to the upper limb
28
what is radial N palsy ?
condition that affects the radial nerve
29
what two joints of the elbow form to create the cubital joint ?
humeroradial and humeroulnar
30
what joint is the elbow ?
hinge joint (synovial)
31
what joint is affected during a elbow dislocation ?
cubital joint
32
what happens during an elbow dislocation ?
the radius has come off of the capitulum, and the ulna has come off of the trochlea (both have slipped posteriorly)
33
what is a radial head subluxation ?
bone dislocation but does back into its normal spot after
34
what joint permits pronation/supination at the elbow joint ?
the proximal radioulnar joint
35
what is the cubital fossa ?
triangular shaped region in the arm
36
what does the cubital fossa act as ?
a key transition zone from the arm to the forearm for a variety of neurvasculature
37
what three things is the cubital fossa bounded by ?
the epicondyles of the humerus, brachioradialis and pronator teres
38
what is a phlebotomy ?
the surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid
39
where is the key location for phlebotomy located ?
cubital fossa
40
what are the arm flexors muscles acting on the elbow ?
biceps and brachialis
41
what are the forearm flexor muscles acting on the elbow ?
brachioradialis, pronator Teresa, flexor carpi radialis, palmares longus, flexor carpi ulnarus and flexor digitorum superficialis
42
what are the arm extensor muscles acting on the elbow ?
triceps
43
what are the forearm extensor muscles acting on the elbow ?
supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus, extenso carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi and estensor carpi radialis
44
what are the three joints that exist within the elbow ?
ulnotrochlear, radiocapitellar and proximal radioulnar (URPR)
45
where does flexion of the elbow occur ?
ulnotrochlear and radiocaputellar joints
46
where does supination occur (joint) ?
proximal radioulnar joint
47
blood supply to the upper limb begins here if you re on the right side
brachiocephalic trunk
48
what are the three fusser's of the scapula ?
sub scapular, supraspinous and infraspinous
49
what are the frontal view bones of the pectoral girdle ?
clavicle, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid fossa and sternum
50
what are the posterior view bones of the pectoral girdle ?
clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
51
what are the four joints of the shoulder ?
- acromio clavicular joint
- glenohumeral joint
- scapulothoracic joint
- sternoclavicular joint
52
what does the ant. sternclavicular ligament do ?
helps secure the head of the clavicle to the first rib
53
what does the inter-clavicular ligament do ?
this between the two clavicles hold them together
54
where does the acromiclavicular ligament exist ?
between the acromion and the clavicle
55
where do shoulder separations occur ?
acrmioclavicular + sternoclavicular joints
56
describe a grade 1 shoulder seperation ?
stretching of AC ligament
57
describe a grade 2 shoulder seperation ?
rupture of AC lig, stretching of CC ligament
58
describe a grade 3 shoulder seperation ?
rupture of AC + CC
59
what joint is the shoudler ?
ball and socket
60
what joint has articulation between the head if the humerus and the glenoid fossa ?
glenohumeral joint
61
what are glenohumeral ligaments ?
thickening of the joint capsule, primarily anteriorly, superiorly and inferiority
62
what four ligaments are found at the glenohumeral joint ?
- superior glenohumeral ligament
- middle glenohumeral ligament
- inferior glenohumeral ligament
- coracohumeral ligament
63
what type of joints do glenoid labrum only exist at ?
ball and socket
64
what is the glenoid labrum ?
thickening of fibrocartilage around the glenoid fossa
65
what does the glenoid labrum do ?
deepens the socket for better contact with the humeral head
66
what happens if you dislocate the should (in regards the glenoid labrum) ?
it may be torn
67
what joint is affected during a shoulder dislocation ?
glenohumeral joint
68
what does the scapulothoracic joint allow for ?
allows for movement between the scapula + thoracic cage, which is critical for arm abduction
69
what two joints allow for arm abduction ?
- glenohumeral jt
- scapulothoracic jt
70
what is Saturday night palsy ?
brachial plexus nerve compression leading to wrist drip and sensory loss on posterior arm (back of arm pushed directly up into the axilla; arm faced down)
71
what nerve is compressed with Saturday night palsy ?
the radial nerve
72
radial nerve compression can lead to ________
Saturday night palsy
73
what are the superficial layer muscles acting on the shoudler ?
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- rhomboids
- teres major
74
what are the pectoral muscles acting on the shoulder ?
- serrates anterior
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
75
what are the deep layer (rotator cuff) muscles acting on the shoulder ?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
76
what are the brachium muscles acting on the shoulder ?
- deltoid
- long head of biceps
- long head of triceps
77
what nerve innervates the trapezius ?
accessory nerve
78
what nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi ?
thoracodorsal nerve
79
what nerve innervates the rhomboids ?
dorsal scapular nerve
80
what nerve innervates the teres major ?
lower subscaoular nerve
81
what nerve innervates the supraspinatus ?
suprascapular nerve
82
what nerve innervates the infraspinatus ?
supra scapular nerve
83
what nerve innervates the teres minor ?
axillary nerve
84
what nerve innervates the subscapularis ?
upper and lower sub scapular nerves
85
what are the three muscles of the rotator cuff (SITS) ?
supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor and subscapularis
86
what innervates the pectorals major ?
lat + med pectoral nerves
87
what innervates the pectorals minor ?
medial pectoral nerve
88
what innervates the serrates anterior ?
long thoracic nerve ?
89
what is winged scapula ?
clinical implication where intact pectorals minor pulls coracoid foward
90
what nerve is impacted during winged scapula ?
long thoracic
91
what's happening in the body during winged scapula ?
inactive serrates anterior allows medial boarder of the scapula to move backwards
92
what nerve is innervated by the deltoid ?
axillary nerve
93
what three actions does the deltoid do ?
flexion, extension and abduction
94
what range of motion of should joint movement is the most fully abducted ?
160-180 degrees (serrates anterior muscle and long thoracic nerve)
95
what four joints exist within the shoulder girdle ?
-acromioclavicular
- sternoclavicular
- glenohumeral
- scapulothoracic
96
what two joints are responsible for arm abduction ?
the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints
