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NURS232 > SI#2 > Flashcards

SI#2 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Without energy, where does fluid go?

A

Fluid moves wherever it is required to achieve homeostasis

It flows towards concentration

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2
Q

Should know the numbers for individual pressures of hydrostatic and onctic pressure

A

40mmhg hydrostatic arteriole
10mmhg hydrostatic venous

25mmhg oncotic pressure througout

1mmhg oncotic and hydrostatic in interstitial

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2
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pushes

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3
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Pulls

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4
Q

Normal oncotic pressure in vasculare system

A

25mmHg

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5
Q

Normal hydrostatic pressure at arterial end of vessels

A

40mmHg

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6
Q

Normal hydrostatic pressure at venous end

A

10mmHg

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7
Q

If albumin is too low it can result in

A

Edema

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8
Q

Edema caused bh

A

HTN causing hydrostatic pressure is greater than oncotic pressure

Restrictive clothing
Serum protein is too low

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9
Q

What is the danger of fixing fluid imbalance too fast?

A

Hypovalemia - resulting in HF

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10
Q

How is 3rd spacing treated

A

Centesis - aspiration of fluid out of body

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11
Q

Always treat the cause - don’t just treat symptoms

A
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12
Q

Need to know chart of hyper hypo electrolyte imbalances

A
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13
Q

Hyponatremia manifestations

A

Affects nerves, muscles, and fluid balance

Muscle weakness, cramping, lethargy, confusion

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14
Q

hypernatremia symptosm

A

Musc. weakness or spasms, fatigue, constripations

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15
Q

Treatment of hypernatremia

A

Increase fluid intake po, restrict po Na intake.N

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16
Q

N/V and Diarrhea almost always causes

A

Electrolyte imblances

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17
Q

Hypokalemia

A

DO NOT push Potassium - irritates veins

Often given PO

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18
Q

Hypocalcemia manifestations

A

Muscle spasms, tetany +ve, Trousseau and Chvostek altered LOC, seizures

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19
Q

Phosphate a Calcium have an ____ relationship

A

Inverse

Hyperphosphetemia goes with hypocalcemia

Hypophosphetemia goes with hypercalcemia

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20
Q

Examples of Isotonic fluids

A

NaCl, LR, D5W - DONT use D5W with diabetics or those

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21
Q

Hypertonic

A

D10W, D5/0.9% NaCl

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22
Q

Why wouldn’t u give IV albumin to CHF pt

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A

Because this increases vascular pressure, increases workload of an already weak heart

23
Q

Main diagnositc for pneumonia

Study These Flashcards
A

Chest x ray for consolidation of lung

24
Lobar pneumonia
One lung with pneumonia
25
Lobular pneumonia
Patchy consolidations everywhere
26
3 kinds of pneumonia
Fungal, aquired, aspiration
27
Pneumonia symptom
Fever, chills, sweats, fatigue, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, confusion in older adults
28
Collab care for pneumonia
Abx Supportive care (Incentive spirometry, couging, deep breathing, SPO2 monitoring)
28
COPD
Chronic inflammation, does not get better inflammation of perncyma in lungs Chronic productive cough Decreased surface for gas exchange
28
Most common broncho dialator
Ventalin or Salbutamol
29
COPD can cause pts to be
Cachexia, osteoporosis, chronic anemia, weakness
30
Manifestation of COPD
Cough and sputum production worse in morning, dyspnea, increased WOB, prolonged expiration, wheeze, barrel chest, wt loss and anorexia, fatigue
31
Care for COPD
Bronchodilators, O2, postural drainage, smoking cessation, get vaccines, generally healthy
32
Barrel chest due to
Air trapping and accessory muscle use
33
Do we need an order for Oxygen?
No for NC up to 6L
34
Normal PaO2 Range
80-100
35
Resp acidosis manifestations
Neuro changes Lethargy, dizziness, seizures, BP drops, Vfib, Hypoxia
36
Resp alkolosis
Tachycardia, neuro symptoms, nausea, vpmitinh, jhyperreflexia, seizures
37
Metabolic acidosis symptoms
Kussmaul's, neuro, NVD, decrease BP, dysrhythmia, peripheral vasodilation
38
Causes if metabolic acidosis
Accumulation of acid (DKA, starvation, septic shock), decrease bicarb (diarrhea/renal failure)
39
Metabolic alkalosis manifestations
Neuro, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, NV, tremors, muscle cramps
40
Metabolic alkalosis causes
NG suction, prolonged vomiting (decreased HCl), hypokalemia
41
BUN and Creatinine basically represent
amount of urea in blood that is not being filtered out
42
How does CKD affect diabetics
Insulin builds up, and therefore DM pts may require less insulin bc it's not excreted as fast
43
Metabolic acidosis includes what two things
Inability to excrete ammonia and defective reabsorption of bicarb
44
Why does anemia occur in CKD
R/t decreased EPO, increased PTH, and iron/folic acid deficiencies, therefore materials are lacking to create more RBCs Risk of bleeding r/t defect in platlet function
45
CVD complications with CKD
HTN,HF, LV Hypertrophy, Periph edema, dysrythmias, uremic pericarditis To do with uremia build up and fluid retention
46
Resp system changes with CKD
Kussmaul's, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, uremic pleuritis, pleural effusion
47
CKD effects on GI system
Ulcers, constipation, diabetic gastroparesis
48
CKD effects on Musculosk
High PTH = Osteitis Fibrosa Bone demineralization - weak bones High phosphte and calcium = vascular and soft tissue calcification
49
Why does bone demineralization occur in CKD
Kidney failure results in Decreased availability of active Vit D, required to absorb Calcium This results in serum hypoCa PTH secreted causing - Bone demineralization occurs to release more Ca into blood stream Phosphate is also released from bones, which cannot be excreted fast enough by kidneys Results in hyperPh
50
How do we treat CKD MBD
Phosphate restriction (<1g/24h) Phosphate binders w/ meals (SA: constipation) Supplement ACTIVE Vitamin D Control hyperparathyroidism
51
Treatment of anemia in CKD
Give EPO - SC or IV Supplement iron and folic acid (if dialysis) No blood transfusions
52
Why don't we give blood transfusions to anemic CKD pts?
Bc we treat the underlying cause They are not bleeding or lacking RBCs but are lacking MATERIALs to make RBCs
53
Why does drug toxicity occur in CKD
Drugs are excreted as quickly and therefore can buildiup With digoxin, oral glycemic agents, abx, opioids, and NSAIDs - give tylenol instead
54
Treatment for High potassium
CBIGKD(rop)

NURS232 (27 decks)

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