Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS232 > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

RNs are responsible for what in regards to labs?

A

Know normal ranges of labs
interpret results to a degree
Always check the pts baseline
Lab values often direct our care
Certain medications need corresponding bloodwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genreal principles for responding to lab values

A

Always trespond to a “critical finding”
- Unless it’s already known OR improving with current therapy

Make sense of your result
- Correlate the with pertinent pt assessment findings BF reporting to physicina

Always compare current results to previous results (EVEN previous hospitalizations if necessary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CBC includes

A

Hemoglobin
RBC index
Reticulocyte count
Hematocrit
Platelet count
WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hemoglobin a measure of

A

O2 carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hemoglibn

A

iron-rich protein found in RBCs that binds to oxygen transporting oxygen from the lungs throughout the body

Normal
F 115-155g/L
M 125-170 g/L

Low =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Low hemoglobin

A

F Less than 115g/L
M Less tham 125g/

Caused by Blood loss, nutritoin def, renal failure

SS: Fatigue, dizzy, SOB, pale skin, blue lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

High hemoglobin caused by

A

F Aboce 155
M Above 170

smoking, high altitutide, dehydration, lung/heart conditions (I.e. COPD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When are PRBC (Packed RBC trasfusion) transfusions done related to low hgb

A

70-80

Acdvocate for diagnsotics to help find out WHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meatocrit

A

Measure of volume RBC in whole blood compared to plasma and other blood components

M: 41%-50%
F 36%-44%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

High Hematocrit cause

A

Dehyderatdion hypoxia, smoking, polysythemiavera (Too many RBCs0, tumors, lung dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Low Hematocrit cause

A

Overhydration, nutrtional def, blood loss, bone marrow suppression, leukemia, lead poisionings, hodgkins lymohoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Platlets

A

Number of platlets integral to clotting

Normal range
150000-400,000/microleter

Concernerd when platlets drop beneath 50,000 (SS start to occur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Low platlet count may indicate

A

Viral infections, lupus, leukemia, chemo, pernicious anemia (Vit B12 def)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High platlet count may indicate

A

Leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders (which cause blood cells to grow abnormally in bone marrow), inflammatory conditions, acute infections, iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WBC Blood count

A

Exist in blood, lymph and tissues
When pts are on antibioitics, WBC should drop withihn 24 hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 types of WBC

A

Neutro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHen neutrophils drop below ___ they are at extreme risk of developing infection

A

0.1 x10 tothe9

Neutropenia

Reverse isolations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

5 types of WBC measured in count

A

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes- increase with viral infection
Basophils- often increase with allergic reactions
Eosinophils- increase with allergic reactions decreased seen in acute
Monocytes- often increased in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blast cells

A

Immature WBCs

large number indicates release frombone marrow prematuring indicating that pt is fighting an infeciotn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal sodium range

A

136-146 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causes of low Na

A

Low Na from diuretics, overhydration, excessive sweating, kidney failure, heart failure (Dillutional hypoNa)

SS
Nausea vomiting, headache, confusion, fatigure, cramps, seizures,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

High Na causes

A

High Na intake (not common)

SS
CNS impairment (Confusion, NM excitabilitym, hyperrefelxes), seizures, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Patients <___mmol/L are at significant risk for _______. Regular Neuro and consider advocating for ______. For patients who are 120-125mmol/L, regular Neuro checks.

A

120

cerebral edema

hypertonic saline

23
Q

Hyperchloridism

A

Cause: prolonged dehydration
high level of blood Na
Diabetes insipidus

NV, dry mouth swollen tongue, confusion

Tx: Tx underlying cuase + PO/IV Fluid

24
Hypocholridism
Cause: Vomiting, diarrhea, CHF, Chronic lung dx, chemo SS, NVD, seating, fever Tx: IV NS
25
K+ range
3.5-5.1mmol/L
26
Critical numbers and intervention for K+
Patients with K+ <3.0mmol/L or >6.0-6.5mmol/L should be on a cardiac monitor or at minimum, have an ECG done with rapid correction attempted. The more abnormal the finding, the greater the risk for dysrhythmias. Correct AND prevent.
27
Total Ca vs ionized
Total ca binded to albumin and Ca that is free and active. Ionized = free and active Ca - More accurate for determining if the Ca is too high or low
28
HyperCa indicates
Tuberculosis, fungal and mycobacterial infections, HIV/AIDS, hyperparathyroidism, metastatic bone tumor, multiple myeloma, hyperthyroidism
29
HypoCa indicates
Malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, low blood level of albumin, kidney failure, magnesium deficiency, liver disease, pancreatitis
30
Hypermagnesia Cause, SS, Tx
Ingestion of antacids containing Mg Decreased kidney ability to excrete Mg Muscles relaxed, decreased Deep Tendon reflex Resp Arrest Tx: IV Ca, Diuretics, Dialysis
31
HypoMg
Cause: Malnutrition, malabsorption SS: Muscle excitinment, increased DTR, seizure, tachy cardia Tx: IV Mg
32
Phosphate and Ca have what relationship
Inverse
33
Hyperphophate CMI
CKD, hypoparathyroidis,. metabolic or resp acidosis M: SS of hypoCa (Trousseaus sign and chvostek sign), weak bones tx: IV NS with diurtetic to increase urinartu Ph excretion, I and O monitor, dialysis
34
HypoPh CMI
Acohol use dx, burns, starvation, diuretic use M: Constipation, Kidnye stones, muscle weakness, decreased HR and RR I: IV Ph, monitor SS of low CO
35
Liver funciton tests
Altered synthesis - albumin (Drops in chronic Liver disease) - Clotting factors (measure by PT) Primary liver damage -ALT (Unique to liver) -AST ALtered biliary funciton - Total bilirubin Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) GGT
36
Non hepatic causes for increaseed PT
intake of anticoagulants, bleeding disorder, vit K def
37
Normal INR
0.9-1.1
37
Prothrombin Time
Measure of how quickly blood clots
38
What to check before administering Warfarin
INR
39
D-Dimer
A protein released when blood clot breaks down, can indicate presence of clot develpment When being taken to rule-in or out a DVT/ PE, results >600 ng/mL should warrant a CT angiography. Beware of FALSE POSITIVES. Pts who have just had surgery or interventional procedures with symptoms will have elevated results. With clinical suspicion, advocate for CTA right away.
40
Lactate Dehydrogenase
(LD or LDH) is an enzyme involved in energy production that is found in almost all of the body's cells, with the highest levels found in the cells of the heart, liver, muscles, kidneys, lungs, and in blood cells; bacteria also produce LD. This test measures the level of LD in the blood or sometimes other body fluids. More of a blood test for trending tissue damage than it is diagnostic for any one condition.
41
BUN
Blood Urea nitrogen Waste product formed in liver from protein breaksedoown and kidneys filter it out of blood Builds up if kidneys not functioning
41
Creatininie
Chemical waste product from muscel metabolism, removed by kidneys Issue with kidnyes will result in a higher Creatinine
42
Normal findings regarding leukocytes, nitrites, ketones, and proteins?
SHould have none of these
43
What causes urine to change colour
Amber/dark = dehdration Pink/reddish= Blood in urine, beet intake, UTI, prostate problem
44
Protein in urine indicates
Kidney function problem
45
1st type of protein comound excreted in urine in event of kidney problem
Albumin HF, DM, CKD can produce this
46
Nitrites occur because
Bacteria in urinary tract convert nitrates into nitritrites
47
What is a lot vs a little bit of ketones in urine
5mg/dL is a little 160mg/dL is a. lot
48
Troponin
Group of protiens found in cardiac and skseltal fibres regulating musculara contraction Helps ID pts with heart damage Can be elevated in stable angina Indicates increased risk for future heart events Levels can be elevated withihin 3-4 hours following injury
49
Can nurses order labs?
No, doctors can
50
What to have when u call the doctor
MAR, diagnosis, current labs, past labs, VS
51
Metabolic syndrome
Agroup of conditions that include High blood glucose, cholesterol, abdom fat, HTN, lpiids
52
Tx of hepatic encephalopy
Lactulose
53

NURS232 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions