SKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

The Skeletal System makes up __% of the body
weight.

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

provides firm
yet flexible support within
certain structures

Answer 2

Cartilage

Question 3

_____________are strong
bands of fibrous
connective tissue that
hold bones together.

Answer 3

Ligaments

Question 4

what encloses and
protects the brain

Answer 4

Skull

Question 5

What surrounds
and protects the spinal
cord

Answer 5

vertebrae

Question 6

What protects the
heart, lungs, and other
organs in the thorax

Answer 6

rib cage

Question 7

______________ are strong bands of connective tissue which attach bones to the skeletal muscles to provide movement through contraction.

Answer 7

Tendons

Question 8

are formed when
two or more bones come
together.

Answer 8

Joints

Question 9

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 9

1. Body support
2. Organ protection
3. Body Movement
4. Mineral Storage
5. Blood Cell production

Question 10

It restricts
excessive movement.

Answer 10

Ligaments

Question 11

__________ and ___________are the principal minerals stored
in the bone and are
essential for many
physiological activities.

Answer 11

Calcium and Phosphorus

Question 12

What tissue is also
stored within bone cavities

Answer 12

Adipose Tissues

Question 13

__________ and other minerals mentioned are released into the blood when needed and used by other tissues.

Answer 13

Lipids

Question 13

produces red blood cells
and platelets and fill the
bone cavities of many
bones.

Answer 13

Red bone marrow

Question 14

The matrix, which exists in skeletal tissue, is produced by cells which become entrapped in them. Its composition is responsible for its characteristics

Answer 14

Bone matrix

Question 15

Mature bone matrix is normally about ____% organic
and ___% inorganic material

Answer 15

35% organic and 65% inorganic material

Question 16

Provides flexibility but resists
pulling or compression. Essential for the attachment functions of tendons and ligaments and shock-absorption of the cartilage.

Answer 16

Collagen

Question 17

Water-trapping protein molecules that help cartilage be smooth and resilient.

Answer 17

Proteoglycans

Question 18

A calcium phosphate crystal that has a molecular formula of
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.

Answer 18

Hydroxyapapitite

Question 19

_____________ and ________________ are responsible for the major functional characteristics
of the bone.

Answer 19

collagen and minerals

Question 20

becomes overly flexible if college becomes the primary constituent of the matrix if
other minerals in long bones are reduced.

Answer 20

bone

Question 21

True or false

The bone becomes brittle if the amount of collagen
is reduced.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

What are the 3 types of bone cells?

Answer 22

1. Osteoblasts
2. Osteocytes
3. Osteoclasts

Question 23

Are stem cells which are undifferentiated cells
that form into cells suited for specific functions.

Answer 23

OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS

Question 24

Bone building cells for bone formation, repair, and remodelling.

Answer 24

OSTEOBLAST

Question 25

Produces collagen and proteoglycans.

Answer 25

OSTEOBLAST

Question 26

The formation of new bone by osteoblasts. Can occur during the fetal stage, growth, and fractures

Answer 26

OSSIFICATION

Question 27

Produces the components needed to maintain the bone matrix

Answer 27

osteosytes

Question 28

houses the osteocyte cell bodies within the bone matrix

Answer 28

Lacunae

Question 29

are narrow, long spaces housing the osteocyte cell extensions.

Answer 29

Canaliculi

Question 30

These extensions form a “mold” around which the matrix is formed where nutrients and gases can pass through.

Answer 30

Canaliculi

Question 31

Carry out bone reabsorption which is important in mobilizing crucial Ca2+ and phosphate ions for the use in metabolic processes.

Answer 31

OSTEOCLASTS

Question 32

The process of ossification determines the classification of each bone based on the amount of space within the bone relative to the bone matrix.

Answer 32

SPONGY COMPACT BONE

Question 33

are the mature bones which are organized into thin, concentric sheets called lamellae.

Answer 33

LAMELLLAR BONES

Question 34

Appears porous and has less bone matrix

Answer 34

SPONGY BONE

Question 35

are thin, interconnecting rods or plates of bone that make up the spongy bone.

Answer 35

TRABECULAE

Question 36

The solid, outer layer surrounding each bone. It has more matrix, is denser, and has fewer pores.

Answer 36

COMPACT BONE / CORTICAL BONE

Question 37

___________ is the primary functional unit of the compact bone.

Answer 37

OSTEON

Question 38

________________ are surrounded by rings of bone matrix, are lined with endosteum and contain blood vessels, nerves, and loose connective tissue.

Answer 38

Central Cannals

Question 39

The center portion of the bone

Answer 39

DIAPHYSIS

Question 40

The hollow center of the bone is surrounded by compact bone tissue.

Answer 40

MEDULLARY CAVITY

Question 41

The ends of a long bone composed of mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone.

Answer 41

EPIPHYSES

Question 42

Covers the end of long bones within joints

Answer 42

Articular Cartilage

Question 43

The growth plate exists between the epiphysis and diaphysis where growth in bone length occurs.

Answer 43

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 44

Signals the stop in growth of length in bones when it ossifies.

Answer 44

Epiphyseal Line

Question 45

Site of red blood cell formation and fills the cavities of spongy bone and medullary cavity, especially in fetuses.

Answer 45

red bone marrow

Question 46

Composed of adipose tissues and fills the cavities of spongy bone, gradually replacing the red bone marrow beginning before birth to adulthood.

Answer 46

yellow bone marrow

Question 47

Connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone.

Answer 47

Periosteum

Question 48

Single cell layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavities and smaller cavities of spongy and compact bone. Includes osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 48

Endosteum