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TISSUES Flashcards

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1
Q

a group of similar cells

A

TISSUES

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR PRIMARY TYPES OF TISSUE

A
  1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
  2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  3. MUSCULAR/MUSCLE TISSUE
  4. NERVOUS TISSUE
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3
Q

provides a COVERING (skin,
the linings of the various passages inside the body).

A

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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4
Q

SUPPORTS other tissues and binds them together (bone, blood, and lymph tissues).

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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5
Q

includes striated (also called
voluntary) muscles that move the skeleton, and smooth muscle, such as the muscles that surround the stomach.

A

Muscle Tissue

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6
Q

is made up of nerve cells (neurons) and is used to carry “messages” to and from various parts of the body.

A

Nervous Tissue

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7
Q

Covers internal and external surfaces

A

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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8
Q

Fuse cells together tightly so that passing of substances between cells are prevented

A

CELL JUNCTIONS

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9
Q

mechanically binds the cells together; contain protein filaments that serve as carrier molecules

A

Desmosomes

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10
Q

binds cells to the
basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

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11
Q
  • areas where the membranes of two adjacent cells join together to form a barrier; it regulates the flow of solutes and liquids according to their charge and size
A

TIGHT JUNCTION

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12
Q

help the tight junctions anchor
the epithelial cells to each other

A

Adhesion belts

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13
Q

allow for the transfer of low
molecular-weight substances, ions, and electrical signals between adjacent cells

A

GAP JUNCTION

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14
Q

has only one cell layer where every cell is in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane.

A

Simple epithelium

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15
Q

What are the 2 classifications of epithelial tissue by layer

A

Simple and Stratified

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16
Q

contain two or more layers of cells.

A

stratified epithelial tissue

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17
Q

Single layer of cube-like cells.

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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18
Q

What are the 4 classifications of epithelial tissue by shape

A
  1. Cuboidal
  2. Squamous
  3. Columnar
  4. Transitional
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19
Q

Single layer of tall, thin cells.

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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20
Q

Flat or squashed

A

Squamous

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21
Q

Main characteristic is
the square

A

Cuboidal

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22
Q

Rectangular cell
appearance

A

Columnar

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23
Q

Rounded ends of cell
layering similar to
stratified

A

Transitional

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24
Q

Single layer of flat hexagonal cell.

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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25
Single layer of tall cells - while some cells reach the free surface, other do not, making it appear stratified
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
26
Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
27
Several layers of cuboidal epithelial cells.
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
28
More than one layer of epithelial cells, but only the surface cells are columnar; deeper layer cells are irregular or cuboidal in shape
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
29
consists of five or more layers of cuboidal or columnar cells.
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
30
A diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
31
an intricate network composed of an array of multidomain macromolecules organized in a cell/tissue-specific manner
Extracellular Matrix
32
create the matrix
Blast
33
maintain the matrix
Cytes
34
break it down
Clasts
35
WBCs capable of ingesting foreign substances
Macrophages
36
- releases chemicals like histamine that promotes inflammation
Mast cells
37
Shapeless background which holds the cells and protein fibers
GROUND SUBSTANCE
38
Consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network. Ex. - Areolar - Adipose - Reticular
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
39
Has a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and dill nearly all of the extracellular space.
Dense Connective Tissue
40
Composed of chondrocytes located in spaces called lacunae within an extensive matrix
Cartilage
41
Hard Tissue
Bone
42
Liquid matrix
Blood
43
Matrix with mostly collagen and a few elastic fibers
AREOLAR (LOOSE) TISSUE
43
Consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which contain large amounts of lipids for energy storage.
ADIPOSE (LOOSE) TISSUE
43
Network of interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells that are loosely arranged
RETICULAR (LOOSE) TISSUERETICULAR (LOOSE) TISSUE
44
Matrix consisting mostly of collagen fibers which may be arranged in the same direction (dense regular) or in many different directions (dense irregular)
DENSE COLLAGENOUS TISSUE
45
Has abundant elastic fibers among its collagen fibers
DENSE ELASTIC TISSUE
46
capable of stretching and recoiling like a rubber band with strength in the direction of fiber orientation
Dense Regular Elastic Connective Tissue
47
It covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
HYALINE CARTILAGE
48
Has more collagen than hyaline cartilage; Flexible and can withstand considerable pressure
FIBROCARTILAGE
49
Contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and proteoglycans
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
50
Name 3 types of Cartilage
1. Hyaline Cartilage 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic Cartilage
51
HARD TISSUE with living cells and mineralized matrix
Bone
52
has spaces between trabeculae, or plates of the bone and therefore resembles a sponge
Spongy bone
53
LIQUID MATRIX, enabling blood cells and platelets, collectively called formed elements to move through blood vessels
BLOOD
53
more solid, with almost no space between many thin layers of mineralized matrix
Compact Bone
54
Produces motion by shortening or contracting.; Composed of elongated cells called muscle fibers that are highly specialized to generate force
MUSCLE TISSUE
55
Voluntary muscle and enables body movement; Attached to skeleton
SKELETAL MUSCLE
56
Specialized tissue for the HEART
CARDIAC MUSCLE
57
contain specialized gap junctions; are important in coordinating the transitions of the cardiac muscle cells.
Intercalated disks
58
Forms the walls of hollow organs
SMOOTH MUSCLE
59
Forms the brain, spinal brain, and nerves.
NERVOUS TISSUE
59
sends electrical signals; the functional unit of the nervous system
Neurons
60
supports and protects the neurons because they are not regenerative
Neuroglia
61
contains the nucleus and is the site of general cell function.
Cell Body
62
usually receive stimuli that lead to electrical changes.
Dendrites
63
Conduct electrical signals that originate from the base of an axon where it joins the cell body and travel to the end of the axon.
Axons
64
support cells of the nervous system; nourish, protect, and insulate the neurons.
Glial cells
65
Thin sheets or layers of tissues that cover structure or line cavities.
TISSUE MEMBRANES
66
Lines cavities that open to the outside of the body.
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
67
______________ are the ones that secrete mucus.
Goblet cells or multicellular mucous glands
68
Lines cavities that do not open directly to the exterior and covers organs that lie within these cavities.
SEROUS MEMBRANE
69
protect the internal organs from friction, help hold them in place, and act as a selectively permeable barrier to prevent large amounts of fluids
SEROUS MEMBRANE
70
found in between joints to reduce friction and allowing smooth movement within the joint
Synovial Membrane
71
protects the blood vessels that pass through the bones
Periosteum
72
What is the technical term for our skin?
Cutaneous Membrane
73
____________ _________ is usually a beneficial process occurring when tissues are damaged.
TISSUE INFLAMMATION
74

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