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NON NURSING THEORIES Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the study of intricate components that function as a whole.

A

SYSTEMS THEORY

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2
Q

are the internal sub-units of the organization that do not interact with the external environment

A

Closed systems

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3
Q

are internal subunits that interact with other systems (or sub-units within other systems) that are outside of the organization.

A

Open systems

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4
Q

an Austrian biologist and systems theorist known for developing General Systems Theory, which focuses on understanding complex systems and their behavior across various domains, including biology, sociology, and management.

A

LUDWIG VON BERTALANFFY

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5
Q

It is processed by the system in order to obtain the desired output

A

Inputs

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6
Q

It is the process that occurs to transform the inputs to the desired outputs.

A

Throughputs

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7
Q

It is the end product of the processing by the system.

A

Outputs

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8
Q

It is the process through which the output is returned to the system

A

Feedback

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9
Q

Systems theory encourages nurses to view patients as holistic entities, considering their physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions.

A

Holistic Patient Care

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10
Q

This approach promotes comprehensive care that addresses all aspects of a patient’s well-being.

A

Holistic Patient Care

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11
Q

Nursing often involves collaboration with various healthcare professionals.

A

Interdisciplinary Collaboration

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12
Q

Systems theory encourages nurses to go beyond treating symptoms and to identify and address the root causes of health issues.

A

Identifying Root Causes

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13
Q

Healthcare is dynamic, and systems theory equips nurses with the skills to adapt to evolving patient needs and healthcare settings.

A

Adapting To Change

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14
Q

Systems theory reminds nurses that each patient

A

Patient-Centered Care

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15
Q

Nurses always want to do their best. Adopting a systems theory will improve the quality of nursing care provided to patients.

A

Quality Improvement

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16
Q

Nursing education and research benefit from systems theory as it provides a structured approach to understanding complex healthcare phenomena.

A

Education and Research

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17
Q

He theorized the three stage model of the change theory

A

Kurt Tsadek Lewin

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18
Q

German-American social psychologist and is also known as the “Father of social psychology”

A

Kurt Tsadek Lewin

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19
Q

What stage of the the Change theory involves preparing the organization for change by creating a sense of urgency, communicating the vision and benefits of change, and overcoming resistance and inertia.

A

Unfreeze ( STAGE 1)

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20
Q

This stage in the Change theory is also known as transition stage. It is where “movement” happens.

A

Change ( STAGE 2)

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21
Q

This stage in the Change Theory is “Reinforcing, stabilizing, and solidifying the new state after the change”. This is where the newly learned skills and behaviors become permanent

A

Refreeze (STAGE 3)

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22
Q

He is a Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis

A

SIGMUND FREUD

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23
Q

It is the driving force of human behavior

A

Libido

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24
Q

What 5 phases of Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

A
  1. Oral phase
  2. Anal phase
  3. Phallic phase
  4. Latency phase
  5. Genital phase
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25
Errogenous zone: mouth, lips, tongue
Oral phase
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First sexual object, according to freudian psychoanalysis, followed by the mother hersefl
Mother’s breast
27
Acquisition of voluntary sphincter control
Anal phase
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Too lenient potty training, underemphasis on cleanliness
Anal-expulsive
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Too early toilet training, overemphasis on cleanliness
Anal-retentive
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Aka oedipal stage
Phallic stage
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Phase where child realize difference between ma,es and females
Phallic phase
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Phase where child feels hostility toward same sex oarent
Phallic phase
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Phase where child’s libido appears to be diverted into concrete thinking such as school activties
Latency phase
34
Ego and superego fully developed
Genital phase
35
Heterosexual stage development
Genital phase
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Finding new love objects, establishing new sexual aims
Genital phase
37
He is a German-American Psychoanalyst
Erik Erikson
38
His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality
Erik Erikson
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Best known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis.
Erik Erikson
40
What are the 8 stages of Psychosocial Development?
STAGE 1: INFANCY (Trust vs Mistrust) STAGE 2: EARLY CHILDHOOD ( (Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt) STAGE 3: PLAY AGE ( Initiative vs Guilt) STAGE 4: SCHOOL AGE (Industry vs Inferiority) STAGE 5: ADOLESCENCE (Identity vs Confusion) STAGE 6: EARLY ADULTHOOD (Intimacy vs Isolation) STAGE 7: MIDDLE AGE (Generativity vs Stagnation) STAGE 8: MIDDLE AGE (Integrity vs Despair)
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This is the stage where children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection.
STAGE 1: INFANCY
42
This is the stage where toddlers start to develop a greater sense of self- control and have the independence to learn new things by themselves.
STAGE 2: EARLY CHILDHOOD
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This is the stage where children become more assertive of their actions and have the chance to make their own decisions.
STAGE 3: PLAY AGE
44
Children begin to develop pride in having accomplishments and require encouragement from teachers and parents.
STAGE 4: SCHOOL AGE
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This is the stage where teenagers start to explore their independence to develop a sense of self.
STAGE 5: ADOLESCENCE
46
Young adults in this stage are motivated to form intimate relationships and explore personal relationships.
STAGE 6: EARLY ADULTHOOD
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Middle-aged individuals attempt to build or nurture something that will last, frequently by raising children or encouraging beneficial social chang
STAGE 7: MIDDLE AGE
48
What stage in the psychosocial development? They reflect on their achievements in their lives and are ready to meet their end with a sense of peace.
STAGE 8: MIDDLE AGE
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Age where infants develop reflex
Stage 1: Sensorimotor
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Object permanence
Stage 1: Sensorimotor
51
In this stage, children think symbolically because they have an active imagination.
Stage 2: peooperational
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treating inanimate objects as living ones
Animism
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Stage where animism occurs
Stage 2: preoperational
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During this stage, children’s thoughts are typically egocentric as they are unable to take the point of view of other people.
Stage 2: preoperational
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Children in this stage often gain a better understanding of mental operations and also recognize cause-and-effect relationships
Stage 3: concrete operational
56
Reasoning during this stage tends to be inductive
Stage 3: concrete operational
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General to specific reasoning
Inductive reasoning
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Specific to general reasoning
Deductive reasoning
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This stage is characterized by a young person’s ability to think abstractly
Stage 4: formal operational
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Systematic planning occur at this stage
Stage 4: formal operational
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This is the theory of moral development by Lawrence Kohlberg
KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT
62
This theory examines how people's capacities for moral thinking and ethical decision-making change throughout the course of a person's development.
KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT
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referred to as the "Obedience and Punishment Orientation" and is a part of the Preconventional Level of moral thinking.
STAGE 1: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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At this point, people base their moral decisions primarily on avoiding punishment and pursuing rewards, which are the most fundamental and elementary components of morality.
STAGE 1: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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At this level, people start to think about their own interests and the notion of reciprocity in moral decision-making, moving beyond the basic submission to authority observed in level 1.
STAGE 2: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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referred to as the "Individualism and Exchange Orientation," and it often appears in late infancy and early adolescence.
STAGE 2: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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referred to as the "Good Interpersonal Relationships" stage.
STAGE 3: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
68
people begin to place a higher premium on upholding healthy social relationships and following societal norms and expectations rather than self-interest and external regulations as their moral focus.
STAGE 3: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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known as the "Law and Order Orientation."
STAGE 4: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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In this stage, individuals base their moral reasoning on societal rules, laws, and authority figures.
STAGE 4: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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known as "Social Contract Orientation." ; This stage represents a significant shift from conventional morality, where individuals primarily rely on external rules and authority figures to make moral decisions.
STAGE 5: POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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This final stage of moral reasoning is known as the "Universal Ethical Principles"stage.
STAGE 6: POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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This stage is the highest level of moral development and represents a post-conventional level of moral reasoning
STAGE 5: POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL
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Pioneered interpersonal development theory
Harry stack-sullivan
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He believed that anxiety and other psychiatric disorders resulted from fundamental conflicts between individuals in their human surroundings, and that their personality development was shaped by a series of interactions with other people.
Harry stack-sullivan
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He made significant contributions to clinical psychiatry, in particular schizophrenia psychotherapy, and claimed that, while schizophrenics' mental capacities are reduced, they are not irreversibly lost and can be regained via therapy.
Harry stack-sullivan
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places a major emphasis on how culture, social development, and interpersonal connections all contribute to personality development.
Interpersonal theory of psychiatry
78
Sullivan concentrated on __________ as a result of poor social connections. He thought that, via the integration of the ‘self-system’ view, humans came to personify themselves.
Anxiety
79
a group of experiences used to prevent anxiety
Self system
80
7 developmental stages of interpersonal theory
Stage 1: infancy Stage 2: childhood Stage 3: juvenile era Stage 4: preadolescence Stage 5: early adolescence Stage 6: late adolescence Stage 7: adulthood
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The main characteristic of this stage is the gratification needs
Stage 1: infancy
82
Parents are seen as the focal point of acceptance and commendation
Stage 2: childhood
83
Characterized by the formation of a peer group
Stage 3: juvenile era
84
This interest is a more focused connection to select people who end up being their close friends.
Stage 4: preadolescence
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From constantly seeking peers the child will start developing their own sexual expression
Stage 5: early adolescence
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The final stage is distinguished by the creation of long-term, close connections.
Stage 6: later adolescence
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Adulthood struggles financial security, career, and family
Stage 7: adulthood
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What is the theory that places a major emphasis on how culture, social development, and interpersonal connections all contribute to personality development.
Harry Stack Sullivan's interpersonal theory
89
What are the SIX DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES of Harry Stack Sullivan's interpersonal theory?
STAGE 1: INFANCY STAGE 1: INFANCY STAGE 2: CHILDHOOD STAGE 3: THE JUVENILE ERA STAGE 4: PREADOLESCENCE STAGE 5: EARLY ADOLESCENCE STAGE 6: LATE ADOLESCENCE STAGE 7: ADULTHOOD
90
Takes place from birth to 18 months ; The main characteristic of this stage is the gratification needs
STAGE 1: INFANCY
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Occurs from 18 months to 6 years of age; Parents are seen as the focal point of acceptance and commendation
STAGE 2: CHILDHOOD
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Occurs between 6 to 9 years of age; Characterized by the formation of a peer group
STAGE 3: THE JUVENILE ERA
93
This interest is a more focused connection to select people who end up being their close friends.
STAGE 4: PREADOLESCENCE
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Rely their self worth on other people, with the basis of whether or not they are attractive and accepted by the opposite sex
STAGE 5: EARLY ADOLESCENCE
95
Acquires the capability to form lasting, and intimate relationships
STAGE 6: LATE ADOLESCENCE
96
Adulthood struggles financial security, career, and family; Relationships and socializing are much easier for adults
STAGE 7: ADULTHOOD

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