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RN A&P 1 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

osseous tissue

A

hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton, support structure of the body

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2
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

contains adipose tissue

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3
Q

red marrow

A

hematopoiesis (production of RBC) occurs, WBD & platelets made here too

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of head, neck, chest, and back

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5
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of upper/lower limbs, plus bones that attach each limb to axial skeleton, 126 bones in this category

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6
Q

what are the 5 categories of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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7
Q

the function of a sesamoid bone is to

A

protect tendons by assisting with compressive forces

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8
Q

long bone has 2 parts

A

diaphysis: (medullary cavity has yellow marrow), tubular shaft
epiphysis: contains spongy bone & red marrow, at end of bonesen

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9
Q

endosteum

A

inside bone, where bone growth, repair, remodeling occurs

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10
Q

periosteum

A

contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone; tendons/ligaments attach here

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11
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer, reduces friction & absorbs shock

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12
Q

diploe

A

spongy bone; flat bones between layers of cortical bone

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13
Q

articulations

A

where 2 bones meet, ex. knee joint

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14
Q

condyle

A

rounded surface

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15
Q

facet

A

flat surface, ex. vertebrae

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16
Q

tubercle

A

small, rounded process; ex. tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

tuberosity

A

rough surface, ex. deltoid tuberosity

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18
Q

what are 4 types of cells found in bone tissue

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, osteoclasts

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19
Q

osteogenic cells

A

develop into osteoblasts; deep layers of the periosteum & marrow

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20
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone formation; growing portion of bone including periosteum & endosteum

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21
Q

osteocytes

A

maintain mineral concentration of matrix; entrapped in matrix

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22
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone resorption; bone surfaces & at sites of old, injured, unneeded bone

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23
Q

where are epiphyseal plates found

A

at ends of long bones

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24
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous membrane on outer surface of bone

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25
where is lacunae found
spongy bone
26
what is the function of a skeletal foramen
to allow passage of blood vessels
27
as we grow from infant to adult, the last bones to fully harden are
flat bones of the face
28
what is the epiphyseal plate composed of
hyaline cartilage
29
damaged cartilage is unable to self-repair as quickly as bone tissue because
cartilage is avascular, unlike bone
30
appositional growth occurs when
bones grow in diameter
31
what is the process of your body repairing a broken bone
1. hematoma is formed, blood clot, swelling 2. phagocytes (WBC) come in to clean up germs/dead cells 3. osteoclasts clear away dead bone fragments 4. chondroblasts form fibrocartilaginous tissue which temp holds ends together 5. fibroblasts & osteoblasts form soft callus 6. soft callus turns into hard callus 7. osteoclasts clean up extra hard callus, but a bump may remain
32
broken bone at 60 degree angle protrudes through skin
open oblique
33
what percentage of our bones are remodeled annually
5-10%
34
calcium levels in the blood are regulated by the
parathyroid gland
35
when blood calcium gets too high, what does thyroid gland do
release of calcitonin
36
what does calcitonin do
inhibits osteoclast activity & stimulates calcium uptake by bones
37
what does PTH (parathyroid hormone) do
increases calcium uptake in small intestine
38
what does thyroxine do
promotes osteoblastic activity & synthesis of bone matrix
39
how many bones are in the skull
22
40
suture found in between 2 parietal bones
sagittal suture
41
bone that helps attach tongue
hyoid
42
cheekbone refers to
zygomatic
43
where are the paranasal sinuses located
on each side of the nose
44
the majority of the hard palate is comprised of
maxillary bone
45
the first cervical vertebrae, or C1, is aka
atlas
46
the thoracic cage contains how many pairs of ribs
12
47
where are the spinous processes located
posterior body of each vertebrae
48
the injury known as whiplash is due to a tear in
anterior longitudinal ligament
49
what is found at the thoracic costal facets
ribs
50
what name is given to the portion of the scapula that forms the bony tip of the shoulder
acromion
51
the large opening in the anteroinferior hip bone between the ischium and pubis is the
obturator foramen
52
the lateral side of the hip bone when the head of the femur articulates is the
acetabulum
53
which bone is each hip bone attached to the axial skeleton
sacrum
54
the sacroiliac joint allows for the articulation of
the iliac crest and the sacrum
55
what carries the weight of the body while in a seated position
ischial tuberosity
56
amphiarthrosis joint
limited mobility; ex. intervertebral disc, amphiarthrosis (pubis synthesis of pelvis)
57
diarthrosis joint
freely moveable joint; ex. uniaxial
58
elbow joint is an example of
uniaxial joint
59
uniaxial joint
allows for motion in a single plane, ex. elbow
60
biaxial joint
motion with with/in two planes, ex. knuckle joint
61
multiaxial joint
several directions of movement, ex. hip & shoulder joint
62
articular disc
meniscus; fibrocartilage structure
63
bursa
thin connective tissue sac w/lubricating liquid
64
subcutaneous bursa
between skin & underlying bone; allows skin to move freely over bone
65
submuscular bursa
between muscle & underlying bone
66
subtendinous bursa
between tendon & bone
67
syndesmosis
fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by fibrous connective tissue
68
gomphosis
fibrous joint that anchors root of tooth into bony socket w/in maxillary bone; peg&socket joint
69
periodontal ligament
dense connective tissue between bony walls of socket & root of the tooth
70
synchondrosis
cartilaginous joint where bones joined by hyaline cartilage
71
symphysis
bones joined by fibrocartilage
72

RN A&P 1 (9 decks)

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