Skeletal System - Appendicular Flashcards
(41 cards)
Clavicle
sternal end (medial), acromial end (lateral), conoid tubercule (for attachment of coracoclavicular ligament on acromial end)
Scapula
spine (ridge on posterior surface); supraspinous fossa (shallow depression above spine); infraspinous fossa (shallow depression below spine); subscapular fossa (shallow depression on anterior surface); acromion (expanded lateral end of spine); glenoid fossa (shallow depression accepts head of humerus); coracoid process (hook-like anterior projection); superior/inferior/lateral angles (angles of triangular shaped scapula)
Scapular ligaments
sternoclavicular ligament (intrinsic, thickening of capsule around sternoclavicular articulation); acromiclavicular ligament (intrinsic, thickening of the capsule around the acromio-clavicular articulation); costoclavicular ligament (extrinsic, joins 1st rib to clavicle); coracoclavicular ligament (extrinsic, joins coracoid process to clavicle)
scapulothoracic joint
- not bone to bone
- scapula can move up/down (shrugging)
- adduct (retract - medial border to midline)/abduct (protract - medial border away from midline)
- upward/downward rotation of point (abducting arm above horizontal plane, point of shoulder will upwardly rotate, adducting arm back to anatomical, pt will downwardly rotate)
Humerus
head (proximal, covered in articular cartilage, fits into glenoid fossa of scapula); anatomical neck (roughened edge of head, marked by edge of articular cartilage); surgical neck (tapered beneath anat. neck); greater tubercle (thickening on upper lateral side); lesser tubercle (smaller thickening on upper medial side); bicipital groove (btwn tubercles); deltoid tuberosity (roughening on lat side, halfway down); shaft; medial epicondyle (rounded projection at medial end); lateral epicondyle (rounded proj at lateral side); trochlea (pulley-shaped medial/distal end of humerus, accepts head of radius); capitulum (smooth rounded lateral/distal end accepts head of radius); coronoid fossa (depresison above trochlea accepts coronoid process of ulna); radial fossa (depression above capitulum to accept head of radius; Olecranon fossa (depression on posterior side accepts olecranon of ulna)
Ligaments of humerus
glenohumeral (intrinsic; anterior thickening from proximal to rim of glenoid fossa to distal to anat. neck of humerus); coracohumeral (intrinsic; superior thickening); coracoacromial (extrinsic; joins acromion with coracoid process, with acromion forms 2nd roof of glenohumeral joint); transverse (intrinsic; thickened anterior portion bridges bicipital groove, keeps tendon of long head of biceps in groove)
labrum of humerus
cartilaginous ring in glenoid fossa, edge comes past margin of fossa and deepens fossa for head of humerus
bursa of humerus
subacromial (pad under acromion protects tendon of supraspinatus continues lateral to protect deltoid); sub scapular (pad btwn tendon of subscapularis muscle and fibrous capsule of glenohumeral joint, protects tendon)
humerus mvt
flex/ext; ad/abduction; mvts of clavicle and scapula accompany ad/ab after ~90 degrees
Radius
head (proximal), neck, shaft, styloid process (pointed projection at distal end); ulnar notch (medial notch for ulna at distal end); radial tuberosity (just below head for insertion of biceps brachii)
ulna
trochlear notch (fits trochlea of humerus); coronoid process (sharp anterior angle of trochlear notch); olecranon (proximal end, fits into olecranon fossa of humerus); radial notch (lateral facing notch at proximal end to accommodate the head of the radius); styloid process (distal end); head (distal)
ligaments of lower arm
medial ulnar collateral (intrinsic, medial side, run from medial epicondyle down to olecranon and forward to coronoid process, medial support to elbow); lateral radial collateral (intrinsic, lateral side, from lateral epicondyle to radius and annular ligament); annular (intrinsic, around head of radius and keeps radius in radial notch)
movements of lower arm
flex/ext; pronation/supination
carpals
8; 2 rows of 4 (prox/dist); prox: scaphoid, lunate, triquetral; pisiform; distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitates, hamate
wrist ligaments
lateral collateral (intrinsic, from radius to lateral carpal bones, lateral support); medial collateral (intrinsic, from ulna to medial carpal bones, medial support)
wrist movement
flex/ext; occurs at radio-carpal joint and at transverse/midcarpal joint between pros/dist rows of carpal bones; add/abd
metacarpals
5; each has base, body, head; at saddle shaped carp/meta joint of thumb, mvt in 2 directions includes flex/ext/add/abd; not much mvt at this joint on other fingers
phalanges
14 per hand; 2/thumb (prod/dist); all other fingers have 3 (prod/mid/dist)
Ilium
iliac crest (top ridge); acetabulum (socket for head of femur); iliac fossa (inner/medial surface); gluteal surface (outer/lateral surface); greater sciatic notch (large posterior notch, exit sciatic nerve); auricular surface (articulates with auricular surface of sacrum)
Pubis
symphisis pubis (anterior surface where 2 pubic bones articulate); acetabulum; obturator foramen (inf to acetate, nerves and vessels pass through down medial side of thigh); pubic tubercle (small projection on body of pubis - inguinal ligament attaches here)
Ischium
ischial tuberosity (on inf/post aspect of bone); acetabulum, ischial spine (inf to sciatic notch); obturator foramen
sacroiliac joint
strong fibrous and synovial articulation between sacrum and ilium (slight mvt)
Hip joint
pelvic girdle and femur
femur
head; greater trochanter (proximal end, lateral side), lesser trochanter (proximal end, medial side); intertrochanteric line (ridge on anterior surface joining trochanters); intertrochanteric crest (elevated crest of bone joining greater to lesser trochanter on posterior side); gluteal tuberosity (lateral side); shaft; medial/lateral condyle (rounded distal end, rest on fossae of tibia); medial/lateral epicondyle (proj above condyles); adductor tubercle (on medial epicondyle for adductor magnus); patellar surface (anterior articular surface at distal end for articulation of patella); intercondylar notch (btw medial and lateral condyles)
