Skeletal System - Appendicular Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Skeletal System - Appendicular Deck (41)
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1
Q

Clavicle

A

sternal end (medial), acromial end (lateral), conoid tubercule (for attachment of coracoclavicular ligament on acromial end)

2
Q

Scapula

A

spine (ridge on posterior surface); supraspinous fossa (shallow depression above spine); infraspinous fossa (shallow depression below spine); subscapular fossa (shallow depression on anterior surface); acromion (expanded lateral end of spine); glenoid fossa (shallow depression accepts head of humerus); coracoid process (hook-like anterior projection); superior/inferior/lateral angles (angles of triangular shaped scapula)

3
Q

Scapular ligaments

A

sternoclavicular ligament (intrinsic, thickening of capsule around sternoclavicular articulation); acromiclavicular ligament (intrinsic, thickening of the capsule around the acromio-clavicular articulation); costoclavicular ligament (extrinsic, joins 1st rib to clavicle); coracoclavicular ligament (extrinsic, joins coracoid process to clavicle)

4
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A
  • not bone to bone
  • scapula can move up/down (shrugging)
  • adduct (retract - medial border to midline)/abduct (protract - medial border away from midline)
  • upward/downward rotation of point (abducting arm above horizontal plane, point of shoulder will upwardly rotate, adducting arm back to anatomical, pt will downwardly rotate)
5
Q

Humerus

A

head (proximal, covered in articular cartilage, fits into glenoid fossa of scapula); anatomical neck (roughened edge of head, marked by edge of articular cartilage); surgical neck (tapered beneath anat. neck); greater tubercle (thickening on upper lateral side); lesser tubercle (smaller thickening on upper medial side); bicipital groove (btwn tubercles); deltoid tuberosity (roughening on lat side, halfway down); shaft; medial epicondyle (rounded projection at medial end); lateral epicondyle (rounded proj at lateral side); trochlea (pulley-shaped medial/distal end of humerus, accepts head of radius); capitulum (smooth rounded lateral/distal end accepts head of radius); coronoid fossa (depresison above trochlea accepts coronoid process of ulna); radial fossa (depression above capitulum to accept head of radius; Olecranon fossa (depression on posterior side accepts olecranon of ulna)

6
Q

Ligaments of humerus

A

glenohumeral (intrinsic; anterior thickening from proximal to rim of glenoid fossa to distal to anat. neck of humerus); coracohumeral (intrinsic; superior thickening); coracoacromial (extrinsic; joins acromion with coracoid process, with acromion forms 2nd roof of glenohumeral joint); transverse (intrinsic; thickened anterior portion bridges bicipital groove, keeps tendon of long head of biceps in groove)

7
Q

labrum of humerus

A

cartilaginous ring in glenoid fossa, edge comes past margin of fossa and deepens fossa for head of humerus

8
Q

bursa of humerus

A

subacromial (pad under acromion protects tendon of supraspinatus continues lateral to protect deltoid); sub scapular (pad btwn tendon of subscapularis muscle and fibrous capsule of glenohumeral joint, protects tendon)

9
Q

humerus mvt

A

flex/ext; ad/abduction; mvts of clavicle and scapula accompany ad/ab after ~90 degrees

10
Q

Radius

A

head (proximal), neck, shaft, styloid process (pointed projection at distal end); ulnar notch (medial notch for ulna at distal end); radial tuberosity (just below head for insertion of biceps brachii)

11
Q

ulna

A

trochlear notch (fits trochlea of humerus); coronoid process (sharp anterior angle of trochlear notch); olecranon (proximal end, fits into olecranon fossa of humerus); radial notch (lateral facing notch at proximal end to accommodate the head of the radius); styloid process (distal end); head (distal)

12
Q

ligaments of lower arm

A

medial ulnar collateral (intrinsic, medial side, run from medial epicondyle down to olecranon and forward to coronoid process, medial support to elbow); lateral radial collateral (intrinsic, lateral side, from lateral epicondyle to radius and annular ligament); annular (intrinsic, around head of radius and keeps radius in radial notch)

13
Q

movements of lower arm

A

flex/ext; pronation/supination

14
Q

carpals

A

8; 2 rows of 4 (prox/dist); prox: scaphoid, lunate, triquetral; pisiform; distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitates, hamate

15
Q

wrist ligaments

A

lateral collateral (intrinsic, from radius to lateral carpal bones, lateral support); medial collateral (intrinsic, from ulna to medial carpal bones, medial support)

16
Q

wrist movement

A

flex/ext; occurs at radio-carpal joint and at transverse/midcarpal joint between pros/dist rows of carpal bones; add/abd

17
Q

metacarpals

A

5; each has base, body, head; at saddle shaped carp/meta joint of thumb, mvt in 2 directions includes flex/ext/add/abd; not much mvt at this joint on other fingers

18
Q

phalanges

A

14 per hand; 2/thumb (prod/dist); all other fingers have 3 (prod/mid/dist)

19
Q

Ilium

A

iliac crest (top ridge); acetabulum (socket for head of femur); iliac fossa (inner/medial surface); gluteal surface (outer/lateral surface); greater sciatic notch (large posterior notch, exit sciatic nerve); auricular surface (articulates with auricular surface of sacrum)

20
Q

Pubis

A

symphisis pubis (anterior surface where 2 pubic bones articulate); acetabulum; obturator foramen (inf to acetate, nerves and vessels pass through down medial side of thigh); pubic tubercle (small projection on body of pubis - inguinal ligament attaches here)

21
Q

Ischium

A

ischial tuberosity (on inf/post aspect of bone); acetabulum, ischial spine (inf to sciatic notch); obturator foramen

22
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

strong fibrous and synovial articulation between sacrum and ilium (slight mvt)

23
Q

Hip joint

A

pelvic girdle and femur

24
Q

femur

A

head; greater trochanter (proximal end, lateral side), lesser trochanter (proximal end, medial side); intertrochanteric line (ridge on anterior surface joining trochanters); intertrochanteric crest (elevated crest of bone joining greater to lesser trochanter on posterior side); gluteal tuberosity (lateral side); shaft; medial/lateral condyle (rounded distal end, rest on fossae of tibia); medial/lateral epicondyle (proj above condyles); adductor tubercle (on medial epicondyle for adductor magnus); patellar surface (anterior articular surface at distal end for articulation of patella); intercondylar notch (btw medial and lateral condyles)

25
Q

ligaments of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral (intrinsic, anterior, proximal attachment from rim of iliac part of acetabulum, distal attachment down and lateral to intertrochanteric line & tightens w extension); pubofemoral (anterior, proximal attachment from pubic aspect of acetabulum, distal attachment intertrochanteric line tightens w abduction); ischiofemoral (posterior, proximal attachment from ischial aspect of acetabulum, distal attahment curls around to attach to intertrochanteric line, tightens w hip medial rotation) ALL 3 TWIST FOR STABILITY

26
Q

Acetabular labrum

A

cartilaginous ring in acetabulum, cartilage extends past rim of acetabulum, deepens socket of femur

27
Q

mvts of hip joint

A

flex/ext; abd/add; med/lat rotation; circumduction

28
Q

tibia

A

medial condyle (concave surface at proximal end); lateral condyle (concave surface at proximal end); intercondylar eminence (protrusion btwn two condyles, att for curciate ligaments); medial malleolus (medial protrusion on distal end); fibular notch (notch on lateral side at distal end for arctic. with fibula)

29
Q

patella

A

base (superior); apex (inferior)

30
Q

Ligaments of the knee

A

MCL (intrinsic, medial side); LCL (intrinsic, lateral side); ACL (in joint, up, back, lateral to attach to medial side of lateral condyle of femur, prevents anterior mvt of tibia); PCL (in joint, tibia up, fwd, medial to attach to lateral side of medial condyle of femur, prevents posterior mvt)

31
Q

meniscii

A

medial and lateral C shaped fibrocartilage rings btwn femur and tibia help deepen the joint and provide cushioning

32
Q

mvts of knee joint

A

flex/ext; at full ext screw-home mechanism (femur rotates medially on the tibia to line up with tibia so extension can be maintained without much muscular support and PCL provides most of support)

33
Q

fibula

A

head (prox), lateral malleolus (dist); shaft

34
Q

tarsals

A

talus, calcaneus, navicular, 1st-3rd cuneiform, cuboid

35
Q

ankle ligaments (medial)

A

deltoid/medial (triangular three part, binds distal end of tibia to medial side of foot, gives medial support to ankle and helps prevent overeversion)

36
Q

ankle ligaments (lateral, prevent overinversion)

A

calcaneofibular (lat malleolus down and back to calcaneus) anterior talofibular (thickening of fibrous joint capsule from talus to lat malleolus); posterior talofibular (post horiz ligament joining lat malleolus to talus)

37
Q

mvts of ankle

A

talocrural joint formed from pocket of medial and lateral malleoli and talus (plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion {also from transverse tarsal joint from talus/navicular and calcaneus/cuboid})

38
Q

metatarsals

A

5; base body and head prox to dist

39
Q

mvts of metatarsals

A

big toe articulates with navicular; 2nd metatarsal with pocket formed by cuneiforms; 3rd with 3rd cuni; 4th and 5th with cuboid (very little mvt)

40
Q

phalanges (foot)

A

big toe 2; others 3

41
Q

toe mvt

A

for all digits: flex/ext, abd/add at meta/phal; flex/ext at interphalangeal