skin

Question 1

what are the 4 skin layers

Answer 1

Stratum basale (basal layer)
Stratum spinosum (spinous layer)
Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
Stratum corneum (cornified layer)

Question 2

what is wrong with this poor baby and what is the prognosis

Answer 2

Epidermolysis Bullosa
poor

Question 3

what compound is turned in to pre-D3 by sunlight

Answer 3

7-dyhydrocholesterol

Question 4

90% of skin are what cell type

Answer 4

keratinocytes

Question 5

which is the layer only in thicker skin and where is it in the layrs

Answer 5

stratum lucidum
directly under stratum corneum

Question 6

what
descrobe

Answer 6

keratinocytes - cobblestone appearance

Question 7

what is the size of 1 keratin filament

Answer 7

10nm

Question 8

how do keratin fibres line up

Answer 8

one acidic goes with one basic

Question 9

how are basal skin cells attached to the BM

Answer 9

hemidesmosomes

Question 10

when is teh only time skin cells can proliferate

Answer 10

when attached to the BM

Question 11

Epidermis bullosa is caused by mutations to

Answer 11

laminin332, collagen VI, collagen VII

Question 12

how do desmosome junctions work - what proteins

Answer 12

cadherins

Question 13

which layer of skin has desmosomal jncts

Answer 13

spinosum

Question 14

which proteins are expressed in the stratum granulosum

Answer 14

Filaggrin, Involucrin, Loricrin

Question 15

corneocytes are held together by corneodesmosomes. what is between them

Answer 15

ceramides (intercellular lipids)

Question 16

where do you find tight jncts in the skin

Answer 16

just under the corneum

Question 17

what are the 2 layers of dermis

Answer 17

papillary
reticular

Question 18

main type of sell in dermis

Answer 18

fibroblast

Question 19

papillary dermis is mostly

Answer 19

type 3 collagen and elastin

Question 20

reticular dermis is mostly

Answer 20

type 1 collagen

Question 21

what is the difference between hair and fur

Answer 21

hair is sensory whereas a lot of fur has no innervation

Question 22

where do stem cells of the hair follicle live

Answer 22

bulge region

Question 23

which specific keratin expressed by hair follicles

Answer 23

15

Question 24

what are the 3 fases of hair growth

Answer 24

Anagen-active
Catagen-regressive
Telogen-resting

Question 25

main fnct of eccrine sweat glands

Answer 25

thermoregulations

Question 26

appocrine glands are attached to the

Answer 26

hair follicle

Question 27

what is the brown melanin called

Answer 27

eumelanin

Question 28

what is the red melanin called

Answer 28

pheomelanin

Question 29

what are langerhans cell in skin (4)

Answer 29

Specialised tissue-resident macrophage Self maintain Basal and spinous layers First line of defence Presents antigen to T lymphocytes

Question 30

where are Merkel cells

Answer 30

stratum basale

Question 31

first cells in proliferative phase of skin injury

Answer 31

fibroblasts

Question 32

fibroblasts secrete what in wound healing

Answer 32

type 3 collagen

Question 33

after vasoconstriction and fibrin clot, what happens in inflammation phase of wound healing

Answer 33

Blood vessel dilation Neutrophils then macrophages are recruited by Ils and TNF etc

Question 34

when is a chronic wound

Answer 34

non-healing >6wk

Question 35

what are these two layers of the dermis

Answer 35

papillary (top) reticular (underneath)

Question 36

skin infection is usually

Answer 36

staph aureus

Question 37

hot tub acquired folliculitis bacterium

Answer 37

pseudonomas aeruginosa

Question 38

usual bacterium folliculitis

Answer 38

staph aureus

Question 39

tx folliculitis

Answer 39

oral abx

Question 40

Answer 40

impetigo

Question 41

tx impetigo

Answer 41

topical or oral abx 1% hydrogen peroxide cream if serious

Question 42

where is cellulitis

Answer 42

dermis AND hypodermal fat

Question 43

what is this? what bacteria

Answer 43

erisypelas only dermis strep pyogenes

Question 44

what is the moa of scalded skin syndrome in babies

Answer 44

exotoxins break desmosomes between keratinocytes

Question 45

what does scalded skin syndrome look like and what tx

Answer 45

very superficial blisters red baby rehydration and parenteral abx

Question 46

verruca tx

Answer 46

topical salicylic acid

Question 47

what is this what tx

Answer 47

pityriasis versicolor anti-fungal shampoo such as ketoconazole

Question 48

tx scabies

Answer 48

permethrin ivermectin

Question 49

which bacteria lyme disease

Answer 49

borrelia

Question 50

sand fly disease

Answer 50

leishmaniasis

Question 51

tx leprosy

Answer 51

rifampicin dapsone clofazimine