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Skin Infections Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

How can antibiotics lead to skin conditions

A

Kill normal flora leading to pathogenic overgrowth

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2
Q

Characteristics of epidermis to prevent infection

A

Dry - unfavourable for pathogens
Desquamates constantly
Chemical barrrier - eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands, oleochemicals acid
Colonisation by non pathogenic skin flora

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3
Q

Dysbiosis

A

disruption to the microbiome resulting in an imbalance in the microbiota

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4
Q

Normal skin flora benefits

A

Produce molecules that inhibit colonisation from other species
Remains stable
Educates immune response

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5
Q

Why does the normal skin flora thrive on the skin better than pathogenic flora

A

Adapted to harsh dry environment and sparse butrients

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6
Q

3 main microenvironment on the skin

A

Moist - axilla perineum toe webs
Oily - hands face trunk
Dry - upper arms legs

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7
Q

Microorganism forming 90% of normal skin flora

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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8
Q

What pathogen causes folliculitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - hot tub folliculitis

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9
Q

Folliculitis

A

Infection and inflammation of 1 or more hair follicles forming a pimple with a white top or barbers itch

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10
Q

Folliculitis treatment

A

Oral antibiotic
Retinoic acid

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11
Q

Which of folliculitis, cellulitis, erysipelas, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo, and necrotising fasciitis are superficial bacterial infections and which are deep

A

Superficial - Folliculitis, impetigo
Deep - cellulitis, erysipelas, scalded skin syndrome, necrotising fasciitis

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12
Q

What bacteria cause impetigo

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

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13
Q

How does impetigo present

A

Red sore near mouth/nose which breaks leaking pus and forming HONEY coloured scabs

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14
Q

Does impetigo cause permanent scarring

A

Not usually

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15
Q

Impetigo treatment

A

Most cases resolve untreated in a few wks
Mild - 1% hydrogen peroxide cream
Severe/spread to other areas - Oral/topical antibiotic

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16
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of the dermis and subcutaneous fat

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17
Q

What bacteria cause cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

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18
Q

Most common cellulitis sites

A

Legs
Face

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19
Q

Erysipelas

A

Cellulitis of the face

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20
Q

Differences between cellulitis and erysipelas

A

C affects anywhere on body e effects face
C effects dermis and sub cut fat, e effects only dermis
E has sharper borders
C can be caused by staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus progenies, erysipelas only streptococcus pyogenes

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21
Q

Cellulitis and erysipelas treatment

A

Oral antibiotics

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22
Q

What bacteria causes scalded skin syndrome

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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23
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

A

denudation of the skin caused by exotoxin producing strains of the Staphylococcus species forming widespread fluid filled blisters which easily break

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24
Q

How do exotoxins of staphylococcus aureus cause scalded skin syndrome

A

Destroy Desmosomes holding keratinocytes in granulosum and spinosum layers together

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25
What is Nikolskys sign and what is a condition that causes a positive sign
top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when rubbed Scalded skin syndrome - twisting pencil rubber on blister breaks blister
26
Scalded skin syndrome treatment
Conservative - rehydration + antipyretics, usually complete resolution within 10 days Parenteral antibiotics
27
Most common locations of necrotising fasciitis
Abdomen Groin
28
Necrotising fasciitis treatment
Surgical debridement Empiric antibiotics Hyperbaric oxygen
29
Empiric antibiotics
antibiotics that are administered during the period prior to the receipt of blood culture and antibiotic susceptibility test results
30
What HPV types cause viral warts and veruccas
1, 2, 4, 7, 22, 63 3, 19 and 28 cause flat warts
31
How does HPV cause viral warts and veruccas
DNA virus infects basal cells of epidermis -> proliferation of infected basal keratinocytes -> lesions
32
What happens to untreated viral warts and veruccas
Cleared by immune system within 2 years
33
Viral wart and veruccas treatment
Topical salicylic acid Fluorouracil cream Cryosurgery Surgical curettage CO2 Laser treatment
34
What lesions are caused by herpes simplex type 1 and sometimes type 2 on the mouth and fingers
Mouth - cold sore Finger - hepatic whitlow
35
Herpes virus treatment
Topical or oral antivirals
36
What causes Herpes zoster/shingles
Reactivation of varicella zoster virus
37
Where does Herpes zoster virus integrate in the body and stay dormant
DRG of sensory neurones
38
How does shingles present
Single wide stripe rash down one side of body Often down 1/2 of face and tongue
39
Postherpetic neuralgia
Long term pain in skin affected by shingles after shingles has resolved
40
How long after onset of shingles can antivirals be administered to reduce severity
72hrs
41
What type of pathogen causes molluscum contagiosum
Virus
42
How are molloscum warts spread
Contact Fomites
43
How long do molluscum/water warts last
Years
44
Molloscum/water warts treatment
Usually resolves without treatment Severe/in genital area - OTC wart treatments, cryo surgery
45
What type of pathogen causes Candida albicans and pityriasis versicolour
Yeast
46
What conditions are caused by opportunistic growth of Candida albicans
Genital thrush Intertrigo Oral plaques Paronychia
47
Predisposing factors to Candida albicans opportunistic infection
Moist enviro Obesity - skin folds Diabetes Immunosuppression Antibiotics Repeated hand washing and nail biting - paronychia
48
Where is Candida albicans found normally
Mouth GI tract
49
Overgrowth of pityrosporum orbiculare yeast causes what condition
Pityriasis versicolour
50
Pityriasis versicolour appearance
Brown/pink scaly patches, lighter than normal skin on darker skin, darker on Caucasian skin
51
How does pityriasis versicolour change throughout the year
Clears during winter, reappears during summer
52
What makes pityriasis versicolour more common
Hot humid climate Heavy sweating
53
Pityriasis versicolour treatment
Anti fungal shampoo - ketaconazole Selenium sulphide Anti fungal creams
54
Dermatophyte
Multicellular fungal filaments or hyphae that reproduce by spore formation
55
Tinea
Fungal skin infection within stratum corneum, hair , or nails Aka ringworm
56
3 genera of tinea
Microsporum Trichophyton Epidermophyton
57
5 sites of ringworm
Tinea corporis - body and limbs Tinea cruris — groin Tinea pedis - athletes foot Tinea capitis - scalp Onychomycosis - nails
58
Tinea treatment
Topical anti fungals Oral anti fungals - severe
59
What causes symptoms of scabies
Allergic reaction to mites
60
How do scabies spread
Prolonged skin to skin contact
61
What is the more severe form of scabies
Crusted scabies
62
Scabies treatment
Permethrin, ivermectin, and crotamiton orally or washes
63
Scabies symptoms
Rash Intense Pruritis worse at night
64
Why do scabies symptoms persist for weeks after removal of mites
Fecal matter from mites irritates skin until sloughed off
65
What mute causes scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei
66
What bacteria causes Lyme disease
Borrelia
67
Lyme disease first symptom
Erythema migrans - expanding red bulls eye rash at site of tick bite
68
Lyme disease treatment
Tick removal Antibiotics 1-4wks
69
What bacteria cause leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae Mycobacterium lepromatosis
70
Appearance of leprosy skin lesions
Pale/pink patches often insensitive to temperature or pain
71
Leprosy treatment
Rifampicin Dapsone Clofazimine
72
Leishmaniasis
Tropical disease causes by trypanosomes spread by sandflies. Cutaneous form most common
73
Leishmaniasis skin lesions
Open sore at site of sandfly bite which heals in a few months - 18months leaving a scar
74
What sepsis complication is associated with cutaneous necrosis
Disseminated Intravascular coagulation

LOCO2 (26 decks)

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