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LOCO2 > Introduction To Skin > Flashcards

Introduction To Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Skin functions

A

Barrier
Insulation
Provides Sensory info
Vitamin D synthesis

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2
Q

What molecule in cell membranes is vitamin D synepthesised from

A

7-dehydrocholesterol

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3
Q

2 major layers of skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis

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4
Q

4 main layers of epidermis + extra layer on palms and soles

A

Stratum basal
Startum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

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5
Q

Major cell types in epidermis

A

Keratinocyte

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6
Q

Epidermis epithelium type

A

Stratified squamous

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7
Q

What type of filament does keratin form

A

Intermediate filament

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8
Q

How does pH of type 1 and type 2 keratin differ

A

Type 1 acidic
Type 2 basic

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9
Q

How do keratin molecules pair up

A

Specific pairs
Always acidic Type 1 with basic type 2 to ensure overal protein neutral

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10
Q

What cells in the epidermis proliferate

A

Adult stem cells in Basal layer

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11
Q

What do basal cells of the epidermis adhere to

A

Basement membrane

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12
Q

Components of basement membrane

A

Laminin 332
Collagen IV
collagen VII

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13
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Integrin receptors on keratinocyte cytoskeleton which link to basement membrane

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14
Q

What structure anchors the epidermis to the dermis

A

Basement membrane

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15
Q

What gives the stratum spinosum a histological spiny appearance

A

Desmosomes

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16
Q

Desmosome

A

Structures holding cells together at Adhesive intracellular junction

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17
Q

Number of Cell layers in stratum spinosum, granulosum and corneum,

A

S - 5-8
G 2-3
C 15-20 dead

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18
Q

Cells in Which layer of the epidermis contain keratohyalin granules

A

Stratum granulosum

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19
Q

Proteins contained in keratohyalin granules

A

Filaggrin
Involucrin
Loricrin

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20
Q

Why do stratum granulosum cells appear granular

A

Large keratohyalin granules

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21
Q

In what layer of the epidermis do nuclei start to break down

A

Stratum granulosum

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22
Q

What type of molecule and ceramides

A

Intracellular lipids

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23
Q

What layer of the epidermis has flat dead cells and a thick cornified envelope

A

Stratum corneum

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24
Q

What structure connects cells in the stratum corneum

A

Corneodesmosomes

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25
Histological characteristics of each layer of the epidermis
Corneum - non nuclei or organelles Granulosum - grainy Spinosum - larger rounder cells w paler nuclei Basal - small compact cells w dark nuclei
26
Junction types
Tight junction Adheren junction Gap junction Desmosomes
27
2 layers of the dermis
Papillary - more superficial Reticular - deeper
28
Main tissue type in dermis
CT
29
Most abundant cell in dermis
Fibroblasts
30
What cell synthesises collagen elastin and proteoglycans in the dermis
Fibroblast
31
Components of papillary layer of dermis
Many capillaries Randomly orientated type III collagen Elastin
32
Collagen type on papillary and reticular layer of dermis
Papillary type III Reticular type I
33
2 types of hair follicle
Vellus - body hair Terminal - scalp and secondary sexual
34
Which cells make up hair in hair follicles
Matrix keratocytes
35
Which hair follicle cells control hair growth and how do they do this
Dermal papilla fibroblasts Signal to hair follicle cells to proliferate
36
Which part of the hair follicle contains HF stem cells and what protein do they express
Bulge region Keratin 15
37
Number of layers in the hair shaft and number of layers in the root sheath
3 in each
38
3 phases of hair growth cycle
Anagen - active Catagen- regressive Telogen - resting
39
Are sebaceous glands exocrine of endocrine
Exo
40
Why do sebaceous glands enlarge at puberty
Androgen sensitive
41
How is sebum released onto skin
Sebum contained in mature sebocytes in sebaceous glands -> sebocytes rupture -> sebum released into sebaceous duct and onto skin
42
Infection of which glands causes acne
Sebaceous glands
43
2 man in components of eccrine sweat glands
Excretory duct Secretory coil
44
Apocrine glands
Sweat gland associated with hair follicle
45
Where are apocrine sweat glands found
Axilla Pubic region
46
When do apocrine sweat glands become active
Puberty
47
2 types of sweat glands
Eccrine Apocrine
48
Melanocyte
Dendritic cell found in the epidermis which produce melanin
49
Where are melanocytes found
In epidermis on basement membrane and hair matrix
50
What is the function of melanosomes
Store melanin in melanocytes Injected into keratinocytes
51
2 types of melanin
Eumelanin - brown/black Pheomelanin - red
52
How does melanin protect against UV
Absorbs UV
53
Langerhans cell
Specialised tissue resident macrophage found in basal and spinous layers
54
Langerhans cell function
Take up, process, and present antigens
55
Merkel cell location and purpose
Stratum basale Sensory perception
56
Mast cell location and function
Dermis Immune response and histamine secretion
57
3 wound types and layers they effect
Superficial - epidermis Partial thickness - epidermis + dermis Full thickness - epidermis + dermis + hypodermis
58
3 phases of wound healing
Inflammation Proliferation Maturation
59
Parts of inflammation phase of wound healing
Hemostasis - fibrin clot Neutrophil leakage Resident immune cell activation Active immune cell recruitment
60
What part of the inflammation stage of wound healing is mediated by ILs and TNFalpha
Immune cell recruitment
61
Do macrophages or neutrophils respond first
Neutrophils
62
Parts of proliferation stage of wound healing
Granulation tissue formation from fibroblasts Angiogenesis Myofibroblasts contract to contract wound Re epithelialisation by keratinocytes
63
Parts of Maturation stage of wound healing
Collagen remodelling - 3->1 Removal of myofibroblasts, immune cells, and redundant blood vessels
64
Complications of wound healing
Infection Chronic wounds Scarring
65
What causes a keloid scar
Fibroblasts produce collagen beyond what is needed
66
Difference between androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata
Androgenetic - male pattern Areata - auto immune

LOCO2 (26 decks)

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