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Physiology Exam VI > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What Hz are alpha waves at

A

8-13 Hz

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2
Q

What Hz are beta waves at

A

13-30 Hz

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3
Q

What Hz are theta waves at

A

4-7 Hz

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4
Q

What Hz are delta waves at

A

0.5-3.5

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5
Q

What type of waves are associated with sleep in a healthy adult

A

theta and delta

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6
Q

What are alpha waves associated with

A

state of relaxed wakefullness in adult with eyes closed

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7
Q

what regions of the brain are alpha waves prominent over

A

occipital and parietal

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8
Q

what region of the brain are beta waves prominent over

A

frotnal region

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9
Q

theories for why we sleep

A

removal neurotoxic waste products

learning and memory

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10
Q

what is beta waves associated with

A

awake and alerty with eyes open

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11
Q

What waves are prominant in stage 1

A

theta waves

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12
Q

what is happening during stage 1

A

transition from awake to asleep

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13
Q

what is happening during stage 2

A

light sleep

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14
Q

what do you see during stage 2

A

K complexes and sleep spindles

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15
Q

what happening during stage 3

A

moderaly deep sleep

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16
Q

what waves are associated with stage 3

A

some delta waves (>20%

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17
Q

what is happening during stage 4

A

deep sleep

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18
Q

what waves are associated with stage 4

A

delta waves (more than 50%)

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19
Q

What is happening physiologically during non-REM sleep

A 
brain uses less O2
decreased body temp and metabolic rate
decreased HR and BP
decreased RR
relaxes muscles
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20
Q

how often do you make postural adjustments during non-REM sleep

A

every 20 minutes

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21
Q

what stage of non-REM sleep is it harder to wake up

A

stage 4

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22
Q

WHat is happening physiologically during REM sleep

A

PGO spikes
irregulare HR and RR
depressed muscle tone

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23
Q

What are PGO spikes associated with

A

bursts of eye movements

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24
Q

When does penile erection/clitoral engorgement take place

A

REM sleep

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25
How are REM dreams different from non-REM dreams
longer | more visual emotional
26
What is unique about women and REM sleep
at start of puberty there is a pulsatile release of gonadotropin from pituirtary during REM sleep
27
when does stage 4 sleep primarily happen
first half of sleep period
28
When does REM sleep happen
90 minutes or more into sleep period
29
How long is the sleep wake cycle
24 hours
30
What is melatonin synthesis in pineal gland indirectly controlled by
suprachiasmatic nucleus
31
Where is photopigment melanopsin located
in special retinal ganglion cells projecting to SNC
32
What neurons is wakefulness associated with
cholineric locus coerueus pontine raphe
33
When are locus coeruleus and pontine nuclei active
during wakefulness, but not during REM sleep
34
what are cholinergic nerons part of
reticular activatin gsystem
35
when do cholinergic neurons fire
while awake and during REM sleep
36
how does histamine influence wakefulness
histaminergic neurons of posterior hypothalamus in TMN selectively active in awake state.
37
function of orexin
excites neurons in locus coeruleus and raphe, promote wakefulness via exication of histamine containing neurons in tuberomammillary nucleus
38
how is onset of sleep caused by
decreased firing of cholinergic, monoamingeric, and histamine-containing neurons
39
when do sleep terrors occur
during non-REM sleep
40
narcolepsy
sleep attack assocaited with secerl REM like symptoms
41
symptoms of narcolepsy
sleep attacks cataplexy hypangoic hallucination
42
cataplexy
abrupt attack of muscle weakness and hypotonia triggered by an emotional stimulus
43
hypnagogic hallucinations
hallucinations at transitions between wakefulness and sleep
44
what is narcolepsy caused by
reduction or absebse of orexin
45
what was tonic-clonic seizures called
grand mal
46
charactersitics of a tonic-clonic seizure
loss consciousness increase muscle tone followed by jerky movements postictal state
47
postictal state
period of confusion following seizure that lasts 5-30 minutes
48
what was the old name for absence seizures
petit mal
49
characteristics of absence seizures
3 per second spike and dome pattern rarely fall subtle motor manifestation (eye blinking) no postictal state
50
when does absence seizures usually start
childhood
51
example of simple partial seizures that don't affect general conciousness
jacksonian motor seizures
52
charactersitics of complex partial seizures
affect consciousness usually in temporal or frontal lobe verbal and/or motor automatisms
53
consquences of sleep deprivation in rats
increased eating decreased body weight death
54
what type of waves helps differentiate REM sleep from being awake
sawtooth waves
55
what types of waves are assocaited with REM sleep
beta
56
when does the greatest EMG activity occur?
during onset of sleep, just prior to awakening
57
what type of neurons control REM sleep
pontine
58
during REM sleep, medlla recieves signal from where
glutamate-releasing area
59
total daily sleep in newborn
16-18 hr
60
total daily sleep for age 3-5
10-12 hr
61
how much of newborn sleep is REM
50%
62
how much of young adult sleep is REM
20-25%
63
how much of older adult sleep is REM
15-20%
64
what tells the body that light is present
photsenstive retinal ganglion cells
65
what do raphe nuclei realize
serotonin
66
what do locus coerulence release
norepinephrine
67
what inhibits brainstem nuclei
VPLO
68
what neurtotransmitters are active when we are awake
ach, NO, serotinin, histamine orexia
69
what neurotransmitters are decreased during non-REM sleep
Ach, norepinephrine, serotinine decreased
70
what neurotransmitters are active and not during REM sleep
Ach active | serotoinin and norepinephrine inactive
71
parasomnia
disorders of sleep cycle and other non-sleep dysfunctions associated with sleep

Physiology Exam VI (18 decks)

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