Coricomotor System

Question 1

What are the 3 stages of events that occur before voluntary movement

Answer 1

1. where is the thing
2. are you going to move the thing?
3. move the thing?

Question 2

what brodman’s area is the primary motor cortex

Answer 2

4

Question 3

cingulate motor cortex

Answer 3

3 small motor areas in the rostral cingulate gyrus

Question 4

function of reticulospinal tracts

Answer 4

control of axial and proximal motor pathways

Question 5

what happens if you cut the reticulospinal tracts

Answer 5

spasticity (maybe)

Question 6

medial system motor pathways

Answer 6

reticulospinal tracts

Question 7

lateral system motor pathways

Answer 7

rubrospinal tract

Question 8

function of rubrospinal tract

Answer 8

control distal and proximal muscles of upper extremity

Question 9

where does red nucleus recieve most of its input from

Answer 9

cerebellum and primary motor complex

Question 10

what do rubrospinal tract fibers intermingle with after they cross

Answer 10

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 11

origin of motor corticobulbar fibers

Answer 11

motor areas of cerebral cortex that control muscles of head and neck

Question 12

path of corticonuclear fibers

Answer 12

pass through genu of IC, the crus cerebri of midbrain

Question 13

what type of fibers do corticonuclear tracts have

Answer 13

motor and senosry

Question 14

what are 2 components for corticospinal tract

Answer 14

lateral and anterior/.ventral

Question 15

where do lateral corticospinal tract fibers cross

Answer 15

level of medulla

Question 16

what do lateral corticopsinal tracts innervate

Answer 16

lateral neurons in ventral horn that control distal muscles

Question 17

what is most of the fibers from corticospinal tract

Answer 17

in lateral corticospinal tract

Question 18

where do anterior or ventral corticospinal tracts cross

Answer 18

in spinal cord just before synpasing on neurons/internors that control axial and prozimal limb muscles

Question 19

do all anterior or ventral corticospinal tracts cross

Answer 19

no

Question 20

generally what is lateral corticospinal tract necessary for

Answer 20

fractionation of movement

Question 21

fractionation of movement

Answer 21

ability to activate individual muscles independently of other muscles

Question 22

what happens to monkeys who have their corticospinal tracts cut at medullary pryamids

Answer 22

can’t grasp an object with 2 fibers

can walk/climb and don’t have spasticity

Question 23

what does anterior cerebral a supply

Answer 23

leg are of primary motor cortex, most of supplementary motor area, cingulate gyrus

Question 24

what does middle cerebral a supply

Answer 24

trunk, hand, face area of primary motor cortex, all of premotor area

Question 25

effect of lesion in primary motor cortex

Answer 25

weakness persistent hypotonia perment deficint in control o ffine, fractionated, finger movements

Question 26

what is mirror neuron system involved in

Answer 26

encoding intentions and actions of others, imitation learning

Question 27

where are mirror neurons found

Answer 27

premotor area

Question 28

function of supplementary motor area

Answer 28

planning/preparing for sequential motor acts, possible postural control

Question 29

what happens with unilateral SMA lesion in monkeys

Answer 29

unable to perform complex tasks requring both hands

Question 30

damage to input to SMA in parkinson's causes what

Answer 30

problems initating movement

Question 31

lesion of supplementary motor complex in humans cause what

Answer 31

initiating or suppressing movement

Question 32

function of frontal eye field

Answer 32

voluntary and memory guided eye movements

Question 33

lesion to frontal eye field causes

Answer 33

premanent deficit in ability to make saccades not guided by external target can't volutnarily direct their eyes away from a stimulus in their visual field

Question 34

what is quadriplegia caused by

Answer 34

high cerivcal transections

Question 35

what is paraplegia caused by

Answer 35

transections below cervical level

Question 36

hemisection of spinal cord causes what

Answer 36

brown-sequard syndrome

Question 37

brain stem lesions causes

Answer 37

UMN hemiparesis contralteral to lesion | LMN w/ ipsilateral paralysis

Question 38

what are the 2 pathways to control eye movement via frontal eye field

Answer 38

superior colliculus and vertical /horizontal gase centers

Question 39

where does upper facial nerve nucleus get inforation from

Answer 39

both sides of cortex

Question 40

what happens if you get lesion of LMN on facial nerve nucleus

Answer 40

ipsilateral motor deficite

Question 41

what kind of projections does lower facial nerve nucleus get

Answer 41

contralateral

Question 42

sensory function of lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 42

facilitate/suppress transmission of afferent input to sensory relay nuclei this could help focus attention on sensory input relevant to motor control

Question 43

motor function of lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 43

fine control of distal extremities, coarse regulation of proximal flexors