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SOC212 > SOC212 - 6. Alcohol & Addiction > Flashcards

SOC212 - 6. Alcohol & Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction

A

Alcohol most popular mood-altering drug consumed in Canada + U.S.
physical + behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption

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2
Q

Physiological Dimensions

A

Alcohol doesn’t lead to physiological habit in way that some other drugs do
Large quantities disturb activities in organs controlled by the brain

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3
Q

Physiological Dimensions

A

Chronic alcohol consumption can cause gastrointestinal disorders, pancreatitis, liver disease, nutritional deficiency, cardiovascular defects, myopathy, birth defects, etc

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4
Q

Other Health-Related Effects

A

Intoxication can result in automobile fatalities.

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5
Q

Other Health-Related Effects

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): cluster of defects in newborn infants connected with drinking by mother during pregnancy
identified only in children born to mothers who drank heavily while pregnant and often combined it with smoking and illegal drugs

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6
Q

Physiological Effects

A

Moderate quantities can relax tensions + worries, it may ease fatigue associated with anxiety
Research identifies non-universal behavioral consequence of drinking alcoholic beverages

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7
Q

Physiological Effects

A

Drunken actions largely learned behavior sensitive to cultural + social contexts

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8
Q

Prevalence of Drinking

A

Canadian drinkers favor beer, then wine, then distilled spirits
Men are more likely than women to describe themselves as drinkers.

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9
Q

Prevalence of Drinking

A

Average Canadian alcohol consumption per capita is 470 standard drinks per year (age 15 years & older)

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10
Q

Types of Drinkers

A

Norms set standards for consumption of alcoholic beverages, indicating to drinkers:
Which beverages suit specific occasions + times

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11
Q

Types of Drinkers

A

How much they should consume

What kind of behavior society will tolerate after consumption

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12
Q

Types of Drinkers

A 
Four Types of Drinkers:
• Social or Controlled Drinker
• Heavy Drinkers
• Problem Drinkers
• Chronic Alcoholics
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13
Q

Social or Controlled Drinker

A

Someone who drinks for reasons of sociability, conviviality, and conventionality
Primary characteristic is the ability to take alcohol or abstain at will

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14
Q

Social or Controlled Drinker

A

Often refrain from drinking + use alcohol only in certain social circumstances

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15
Q

Heavy Drinkers

A

Frequently uses alcohol, occasionally consuming sufficient quantities to become intoxicated
Drinking exceeds community standards for social use

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16
Q

Heavy Drinkers

A
  • Interferes with health, social, or economic functioning
  • 5 or more drinks on one occasion
  • Binge Drinkers
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17
Q

Problem Drinkers

A

Those who experience some problem as a result of their drinking, regardless of how much they consume or circumstances surrounding that consumption

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18
Q

Problem Drinkers

A

Distinguished by consequences of alcohol rather than characteristics of drinker or quantity + frequency of consumption

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19
Q

Chronic Alcoholics

A

Results after consuming large quantities of alcohol over long periods of time.
Compulsion, solitary drinking, morning drinking, general physical deterioration

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20
Q

Chronic Alcoholics

A

Alcoholics cannot escape problems caused by alcohol consumption by terminating drinking

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21
Q

Global Problematic Drinking

A

Canada - 5.43% Males 1.92% Females

greatest alcohol use disorders in NA, Russia, Europe + Australia

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22
Q

Variations in Drinking Behaviour

A

North American life
• Learned behaviour
• Follows Social pattern

23
Q

Variations in Drinking Behaviour

A

Drinking frequency varies by age, education, income, community, marital status + religion

24
Q

Age / Gender

A

Consumption of alcoholic beverages tends to decline with increasing age
Men drink more frequently and larger amounts than women do

25
Q

Age / Gender

A

Heavy drinking appears to peak at different ages between both sexes – at age 21 to 34 for men and at age 35 to 49 for women.

26
Q

Social Background / Regional Differences

A

Drinking varies with levels of education and income + between religions + regions of the country
more formal education also drink more than those with less education

27
Q

Social Background / Regional Differences

A

more common in large cities than in smaller towns and among unmarried people than married people.

28
Q

Social Background / Regional Differences

A

Culture —not race or biology — determines patterns of alcohol consumption
• Irish
• Italian

29
Q

Ethnic Differences in Excessive Drinking

A
  • French
  • Asian Americans
  • Native Americans
30
Q

Ethnic Differences in Excessive Drinking

A

• Acculturation

31
Q

The Cost of Alcoholism

A

Economy loses large sums of money because of problems caused by excessive alcohol consumption in the form of absenteeism, inefficiency on the job, and accidents,
5.1 billion

32
Q

The Cost of Alcoholism

A

• Social costs: relationship issues

33
Q

Alcohol Related Crime

A

High rates of arrest for public drunkenness among lower class
• High recidivism rates apply to revolving door

34
Q

Alcohol Related Crime

A
  • flow of public drunkenness cases through criminal justice system
  • Drunkenness plays a role in violent crimes
35
Q

Drunk Driving

A

Alcohol plays a major role in the number of traffic crashes resulting in death
Blood alcohol level (BAL) over 0.08 percent

36
Q

Role of Subculture

A

Group associations + subculture identification play important roles in determining who becomes an excessive drinkers

37
Q

Role of Subculture

A

role of group + subculture factors in producing excessive drinking and alcoholism in many ways:
more acceptable in certain subcultures
who you hang out with

38
Q

Role of Subculture

A

• Gender differences: men drink more + outside home
sign of social solidarity
• Choices of companions when drinking
• Homelessness

39
Q

Role of Subculture

A

Occupational differences in excessive drinking: increase in % with increase in occupational status - academia
male dominated occupations
Religious differences
Ethnic differences: more tolerance

40
Q

Strategies of Social Control

A

Prohibition: Legal regulation strategy applies the law to established standards, backed by legal sanctions, for acceptable practices in manufacturing, distributing + consuming alcohol

41
Q

Strategies of Social Control

A

over acceptable limits sanctioned informally in micro level + macro level with formal sanction
prohibition: attempt to get rid of drinking
seen as cause of all problems - outlawed manufacturing and distribution

42
Q

Strategies of Social Control

A

legal regulation: what is appropriate

can’t buy alcohol at a bar after 2 AM

43
Q

Strategies of Social Control

A
  • Educating people about consequences of using alcohol.

* Encourage alternatives to alcohol (nonalcoholic beverages).

44
Q

Prohibition in Canada

A

PEI 1901
Ontario - 1916-1923
came from 5 elements
WWI: money should be diverted from liquor and go back to economy

45
Q

Prohibition in Canada

A

war fitness
new authority of women: organizing, fend for themselves during war
more power after war

46
Q

Prohibition in Canada

A

50 years of campaigning by churches
existing moral climate
protestant ethic
blamed for crime, domestic abuse, disease - didn’t go away
exemptions: produce, but could smuggle it in the states

47
Q

Prohibition in America

A

realized money went to underground economy
job demands
made fun of police
raised spirits

48
Q

Models of Alcoholism

A

Psychoanalytic Model – alcoholism symptom of some underlying personality disorder
Family Interaction Model – regards alcoholism as family problem, not an individual one

49
Q

Models of Alcoholism

A

Behavioral Model – conceives alcoholism and treat it as behavior (or set of behaviors) rather than as disease.
Biological Model – focuses on biological antecedents of alcoholism attempting to explain it is a biological predisposition to the condition

50
Q

Models of Alcoholism

A

Medical Model – considers alcoholism a disease + focuses on treatment by medical measures
Combined Perspectives – claims alcoholism can occur from combination of biological, psychological, familial, social-class, and sociocultural risks

51
Q

Community-Based Treatment Programs

A

Provides counseling + other services to problem drinkers through:
• development of community-based referral + treatment centers for problem drinkers

52
Q

Community-Based Treatment Programs

A
  • Providing outpatient counselling

* Emphasizing hospitalization

53
Q

Community-Based Treatment Programs

A

• Alcoholics Anonymous - 12-step philosophy
• AA works to “de-label” alcoholic + move person back into society as contributing, independent individual.
rehab

54
Q

Community-Based Treatment Programs

A

12 step - well known + quite successful
delabel stigma around alcoholism
tertiary deviance work
diff to evaluate success because it’s anonymous

SOC212 (13 decks)

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