SOC212 - 8. Drugs Flashcards

Question

Public Policy & the War on Drugs

Answer 1

criminalize drugs used by powerless + minority punished diff - 5 years (5 grams of crack vs 500 grams of powdered coke) it takes more to put rich drug users in jail

Answer 2

Drug use also involves legal substances with socially approved applications: • Prescription Drugs: women more likely to take • Amphetamines & Barbiturates

Answer 3

``` Drugs fall into categories depending on their general effects on the body. • Morphine &Heroin • Methadone • Cocaine & Crack ```

Answer 4

Marijuana Barbiturates weed, coke, meth more mentioned in media

Answer 5

Methamphetamine Hallucinogens: acid, molly, mdma, lsd Designer Drugs

Answer 6

Marijuana most widely used illicit drug in Canada 40% admit to using it 44% admit using it at least once

Answer 7

Extent of use: social drug | Marijuana can help to establish pattern of social relations in some groups

Answer 8

Research has found no relationship linking marijuana use to the use of other drugs There is no evidence for the gateway theory.

Answer 9

Correlational, not causal relationships: heavier drug users do weed as well, but not causal

Answer 10

Patterns of Heroin Use: 19th century nearly 2/3 of heroin users were women. 40-50 age range 20th century: drug’s popularity peaked in most large U.S. cities during the 1960s

Answer 11

Characteristics of heroin users: Common among young, urban, racialized, lower-SES men from large cities can vary: users range from ‘street addicts’ to performers to physicians

Answer 12

spread of cocaine use in late 60s + early 70s was result of two events: U.S. Congress passed legislation reducing legal limits on production of amphetamines + controls on depressants

Answer 13

World Bank allocated funds to build new highway in high jungles of Peru crack widely available

Answer 14

Extent of Cocaine Use | crack outside of Rob Ford’s social standing

Answer 15

term addiction refers to physical dependence, “an adaptive state of the body manifested by physical disturbances when drug use stops” (Milby, 1981: 3). - withdrawals

Answer 16

Many professionals prefer to discuss “tolerance,” “dependence,” + “abstinence syndrome” instead changes body chemistry, brain wiring build up tolerance - need larger doses

Answer 17

Opiate addiction can be seen as learned behaviour - socialization Primarily in association + communication with other addicts

Answer 18

Process of Addiction (Waldorf, 1983): 1. Experimentation or Initiation - often teenage years steps 2. Escalation

Answer 19

3. Maintaining or “Taking Care of Business” | 4. Dysfunction or “Going through Changes”

Answer 20

5. Recovery or “Getting Out of the Life”. | 6. Ex-Addict

Answer 21

Lindesmith’s theory emphasizes attractiveness of drug to users - media portrayal Drug addiction results when people use drugs because they fear the pain or discomfort associated with withdrawal

Answer 22

Stephens (1991) found street addicts use heroin not necessarily to counter pain of withdrawal but to experience the drug high - appeal of being high

Answer 23

concentrates more on the negative physical consequences of stopping opiate use, that is, withdrawal symptoms - fear associated with withdrawal

Answer 24

Subcultural Influences: some more prevalent can become career - underground economy reaction to lack of legit drug choices organize norms around supply + distribution of drugs

Answer 25

Complex blend of biology, environment + development influences gender, ethnicity may factor in environment: friends, life quality, peer pressure, stress Similar to most major diseases

Answer 26

Repeated abuse of drugs or alcohol will rewire brain - makes it harder to stop can account of 50% of addictive vulnerability greater likelihood of getting addicted to something else later on

Answer 27

Children of those with addiction Addiction is NOT weakness - illness needs treatment, genetic factors + lifestyle crosses every social boundary

Answer 28

developmental stages lifecourse theory - junctures important offtrack at one which can change trajectory

Answer 29

Social costs: affects relationships - families child abuse, abuse Economic costs: 600 billion dollars a year

Answer 30

Heath care: drugs that we police cause less economic harm than tobacco + alcohol 40 billion

Answer 31

Pain + suffering: 10% of Canadian pop has used illicit drugs (not including weed) 80% drink

Answer 32

Policies: Control substances themselves Control behavior of people involved with them

Answer 33

Applying Criminal Sanctions: Legalist perspective Public health perspective

Answer 34

Drug Policy: relationship betw addiction + crimes committed to fund purchases laws affecting manufacturing, selling

Answer 35

Unequal policing & punishment | latinos more likely to be arrested for drugs even though white men are more likely to sell drugs

Answer 36

Public Health perspective | Prevention through education & awareness

Answer 37

Treatment programs offer alternative to legally oriented response to drug additions: more outreach + support Treatment promotes abstinence from drugs + pursues intermediate goal: better ones focus on harm reduction (Levinson, 2002).

Answer 38

Harm Reduction: seeks to decrease the adverse health, social + economic consequences of drug use without requiring abstinence from drug use. Methadone Clinics: manage alcohol addiction designated driver

Answer 39

Stigma: moral component shame or disgrace attached to something not social reinforce social norms

Answer 40

Barrier: reinforce social boundaries social control Discrimination Language

Answer 41

Prohibition vs Decriminalization: Some believe attempts to suppress drug use have made it more difficult to control drug traffic + drug prices

Answer 42

Underground economy & crime Increased focus on treatment programs Harm Reduction

Answer 43

means it strives to decrease the adverse health, social + economic consequences of drug use without requiring abstinence from drug use

Answer 44

Insite, Vancouver - home to about 12,000 injection drug users, with more than 1/3 living in the Downtown Eastside legally sanctioned places to do drugs

Answer 45

Four purposes: It keeps people from transmitting infectious diseases. hygenic + stress free environment - use drugs safely Increases access health care services, including primary care + addiction treatment.

Answer 46

brings stability to the community designed to decrease the harm + nuisance stabilizes people's health - lowered overdose deaths

Answer 47

intention to decriminalise small amounts of heroin, cocaine & cannabis Supervised injection rooms

Answer 48

Crime to profit from sale of distribution of illegal drugs | Drug users no longer criminalized for their addictions, but still illegal to sell + produce

Answer 49

Ppl struggling with addiction may find assistance in quitting drugs through self-help groups operated by former addicts, such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Synanon

Answer 50

NA replaces norms + attitudes favoring use of drugs with those opposed to drug use interpersonal coordination and support

Answer 51

Synanon program applies learning/socialization theory of | deviance to treatments of drug addicts

Answer 52

Two strategies attempt to prevent drug use: | Imply threats intended to scare potential users away from drugs

Answer 53

Conduct education programs specially designed to alert potential users to dangers + consequences of drug use. interpersonal coordination and support

Answer 54

Scare Tactics may come in form of media messages. | These messages are typically geared toward young users + stress the negative physical consequences of taking drugs.

Answer 55

-tend not to work

SOC212 - 8. Drugs Flashcards

(79 cards)