SOCI 1010 2.2 Research Methods Flashcards
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primary source data collection
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such as survey, participant observation, ethnography, case study, unobtrusive observations, experiment, and secondary data analysis, or use of existing sources.
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secondary data analysis
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using data collected by others and applying new interpretations
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survey
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collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about thinking, behaviors, and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire
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population
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a defined group serving as the subject of a study
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population
a defined group serving as the subject of a study
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sample
small, manageable number of subjects that represent the population
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random sample
a study’s participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population
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closed-ended questions
yes-or-no or multiple-choice questions
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quantitative data
data collected in numerical form that can be counted and analyzed using statistics
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open-ended questions
more complex questions with more complex answers—beyond “yes,” “no,” or checkbox options. These types of inquiries use open-ended questions that require short essay responses. Participants willing to take the time to write those answers might convey personal religious beliefs, political views, goals, or morals. The answers are subjective and vary from person to person. How do you plan to use your college education?
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qualitative data
non-numerical, descriptive data that is often subjective and based on what is experienced in a natural setting
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interview
a one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject
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field research
gathering data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey
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primary data
data that are collected directly from firsthand experience
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correlation
when a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable, but does not necessarily indicate causation
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participant observation:
when a researcher immerses herself in a group or social setting in order to make observations from an “insider” perspective
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ethnography
participating and observing thinking and behavior in a social setting
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case study
in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual
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experiment
the testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions
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experimental group
(one of two groups that) is exposed to the independent variable(s); the control group is not
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control group
(one of two groups that) is not exposed to the independent variable(s); the experimental group is
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Hawthorne effect
when study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher
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secondary data analysis
using data collected by others and applying new interpretations
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nonreactive research
using secondary data, does not include direct contact with research subjects and does not alter or influence people’s behaviors
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content analysis
applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand
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What are the 6 steps of the scientific method?
(obj 2.2.1)
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What are the differentiations between the four kinds of sociological research methods?
(obj 2.2.2)
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What is the appropriateness of specific research approaches/methods for specific topics?
(obj 2.2.3)
