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Psychology AQA > Social Influence - Paper 1 > Flashcards

Social Influence - Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of CONFORMITY?

A

Compliance, identification, internalisation

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2
Q

What is COMPLIANCE?

A

Weakest from of conformity.
Changing behaviour to be accepted
Publicly not privately

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3
Q

Give an example of compliance

A

E.g. when you say you like a band to your friends but don’t listen to them at home

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4
Q

What is IDENTIFICATION?

A

Intermediate level
Temporary change
Both publicly and privately
Strong as involved private change

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5
Q

Give an example of identification

A

E.g. soldiers may adopt certain behaviours but lose it when they return home

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6
Q

What is INTERNALISATION?

A

Deepest level
Permanent change
Take on new attitudes

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7
Q

Give an example of internalisation

A

E.g sometimes people start going to church and beliefs change to become Christians

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8
Q

What are the 3 variables that affect conformity?

A

Size
Unanimity
Task difficulty

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9
Q

What is the AGENTIC STATE?

A

Putting responsibility of our actions on someone else

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10
Q

What is the AUTONOMOUS STATE?

A

When we take responsibility for our own actions

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11
Q

What are BINDING FACTORS?

A

Aspects of a situation allow a person to ignore their damaging effect of their behaviour

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12
Q

What is LEGITIMATE AUTHORITY?

A

We are more likely to obey when we believe an authority is legitimate

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13
Q

What are the two explanations for obedience?

A

Agentic state and legitimate authority

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14
Q

What are the traits of someone with an authoritarian personality?

A

Hostile
Fairly rigid in beliefs
Traditional

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of INTERNAL LoC?

A

Independent
Active seek info
Less likely to conform / obey
Don’t rely on external options

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of EXTERNAL LoC?

A

Less independent
Rely on others for info
More likely to conform / obey
Rely on external opinions

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17
Q

Who studied conformity?

A

Asch (1951)

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18
Q

How did Asch study conformity?

A

Line study:
123 us males
3 lines
Match with comparison

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19
Q

What were the results of Asch’s study?

A

74% at least once a
26% never
5% every time

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20
Q

What was the conclusion of Asch’s study?

A

Compliance = normative social influence

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21
Q

Who studied conformity (2)?

A

Sherif

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22
Q

How did Sherif study conformity?

A

Auto-kinetic effect:
Estimates alone
With group - 3
Alone

23
Q

What were the results of Sheriffs study?

A

Alone = stable
Group = more alike
Alone = more like group

24
Q

What was the conclusion of Sherif’s study?

A

Internalisation = informational influence

25
Q

Who studies conformity to social roles?

A

ZIMBARDO - Stanford prison experiment

26
Q

How did Zimbado study conformity to social roles?

A

converted basement
Prisoners arrested in own home
No physical contact
£15 per day

27
Q

What were the results of Zimbado’s study?

A

Prisoners and guards quick to take on roles
- treated poorly

28
Q

What is obedience

A

Within hierarchy
Emphasis power

29
Q

What is conformity?

A

Between equal status
Acceptance

30
Q

Who investigated obedience to an authority?

A

Milgram - electric shock

31
Q

How did milgram study obedience to an authority

A

Teacher and learner
Ask questions
Wrong answer = shock (fake)

32
Q

What were the results of milgrams study?

A

240 volts = 100%
360 volts = 76%
450 volts = 63%

33
Q

Strengths of legitimate authority

A

Explain cultural differences
Evidence in real world situations - pick up rubbish when wearing guard uniform

34
Q

Weaknesses of legitimacy of authority

A

Cannot explain all obedience - innate tendencies

35
Q

Strengths of authoritarian personality

A

Research support - Milgram authoritarians obedient p score higher

36
Q

Weaknesses of authoritarian personality

A

Can’t explain whole country behaviour - Nazi
F-scale biased - right wing, self report

37
Q

Strengths of LoC

A

Evidence in resisting obedience - Oliver - 406 who rescued Jews with 126 who didn’t. Rescuers higher internal.

38
Q

Weaknesses of LoC

A

Not all research supports. Twenge et al - more independent but more external
Limited role - only in new situations

39
Q

Strengths of social support

A

Evidence for resisting - pregnant not smoke when buddy present - opposed to control group who continued.

Evidence dissenting peers - Garson 88% rebelled

40
Q

What did Asch and Sherif investigate?

A

Asch
Normative

Sherif
Informational

41
Q

Weaknesses reasons to conform

A

More likely to conform from pressure within our group

Lab experiment - lack ecological validity, demand characteristics

42
Q

Strengths of zimbado’s study

A

Control over key variables - high internal validity

43
Q

Weaknesses of zimbado’s

A

Lack realism of true prison
Exaggerated power of roles - 1/3 brutally

44
Q

Strengths of milgram’s

A

Replications supported - tv show 80% max

45
Q

Weaknesses milgrams study

A

Lack internal validity - demand characteristics
Ethical issues - deception

46
Q

Strengths Agentic state

A

Research support - milgram

47
Q

Weaknesses of Agentic state

A

Doesn’t explain Jacobson - nurses disobeyed orders to give lethal dose
Obedience alibi revisited - perform massacre autonomously

48
Q

Weaknesses social support

A

Practical application - don’t always copy the behaviour

49
Q

Lessons from minority influence

A

Drawing attention, consistency, deeper processing, augmentation principle, snowball effect, social cryptomnesia

50
Q

Strengths of minority influence

A

Research support - Moscovici

Role of deeper processing - enduring effect

51
Q

Weaknesses of minority influence

A

Deeper processing - believe others think we do - doubt on validity

Research artificial

52
Q

Outline and evaluate minority influence

A

Consistency

Commitment

Flexibility

Research supporting consistency Moscovici et al

Role of deeper processing - more enduring effect

Research artificial, lack external validity, not applicable to real world

53
Q

What are the factors affecting obedience

A

Proximity

Uniform

Location

54
Q

Evaluation of factors affecting obedience

A

+ research support - Bickman security guard

+ cross cultural replication

  • low internal validity - demand characteristics

Psychology AQA (11 decks)

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