Social Influence - Paper 1

Question 1

What are the 3 types of CONFORMITY?

Answer 1

Compliance, identification, internalisation

Question 2

What is COMPLIANCE?

Answer 2

Weakest from of conformity.
Changing behaviour to be accepted
Publicly not privately

Question 3

Give an example of compliance

Answer 3

E.g. when you say you like a band to your friends but don’t listen to them at home

Question 4

What is IDENTIFICATION?

Answer 4

Intermediate level
Temporary change
Both publicly and privately
Strong as involved private change

Question 5

Give an example of identification

Answer 5

E.g. soldiers may adopt certain behaviours but lose it when they return home

Question 6

What is INTERNALISATION?

Answer 6

Deepest level
Permanent change
Take on new attitudes

Question 7

Give an example of internalisation

Answer 7

E.g sometimes people start going to church and beliefs change to become Christians

Question 8

What are the 3 variables that affect conformity?

Answer 8

Size
Unanimity
Task difficulty

Question 9

What is the AGENTIC STATE?

Answer 9

Putting responsibility of our actions on someone else

Question 10

What is the AUTONOMOUS STATE?

Answer 10

When we take responsibility for our own actions

Question 11

What are BINDING FACTORS?

Answer 11

Aspects of a situation allow a person to ignore their damaging effect of their behaviour

Question 12

What is LEGITIMATE AUTHORITY?

Answer 12

We are more likely to obey when we believe an authority is legitimate

Question 13

What are the two explanations for obedience?

Answer 13

Agentic state and legitimate authority

Question 14

What are the traits of someone with an authoritarian personality?

Answer 14

Hostile
Fairly rigid in beliefs
Traditional

Question 15

What are the characteristics of INTERNAL LoC?

Answer 15

Independent
Active seek info
Less likely to conform / obey
Don’t rely on external options

Question 16

What are the characteristics of EXTERNAL LoC?

Answer 16

Less independent
Rely on others for info
More likely to conform / obey
Rely on external opinions

Question 17

Who studied conformity?

Answer 17

Asch (1951)

Question 18

How did Asch study conformity?

Answer 18

Line study:
123 us males
3 lines
Match with comparison

Question 19

What were the results of Asch’s study?

Answer 19

74% at least once a
26% never
5% every time

Question 20

What was the conclusion of Asch’s study?

Answer 20

Compliance = normative social influence

Question 21

Who studied conformity (2)?

Answer 21

Sherif

Question 22

How did Sherif study conformity?

Answer 22

Auto-kinetic effect:
Estimates alone
With group - 3
Alone

Question 23

What were the results of Sheriffs study?

Answer 23

Alone = stable
Group = more alike
Alone = more like group

Question 24

What was the conclusion of Sherif’s study?

Answer 24

Internalisation = informational influence

Question 25

Who studies conformity to social roles?

Answer 25

ZIMBARDO - Stanford prison experiment

Question 26

How did Zimbado study conformity to social roles?

Answer 26

converted basement Prisoners arrested in own home No physical contact £15 per day

Question 27

What were the results of Zimbado’s study?

Answer 27

Prisoners and guards quick to take on roles - treated poorly

Question 28

What is obedience

Answer 28

Within hierarchy Emphasis power

Question 29

What is conformity?

Answer 29

Between equal status Acceptance

Question 30

Who investigated obedience to an authority?

Answer 30

Milgram - electric shock

Question 31

How did milgram study obedience to an authority

Answer 31

Teacher and learner Ask questions Wrong answer = shock (fake)

Question 32

What were the results of milgrams study?

Answer 32

240 volts = 100% 360 volts = 76% 450 volts = 63%

Question 33

Strengths of legitimate authority

Answer 33

Explain cultural differences Evidence in real world situations - pick up rubbish when wearing guard uniform

Question 34

Weaknesses of legitimacy of authority

Answer 34

Cannot explain all obedience - innate tendencies

Question 35

Strengths of authoritarian personality

Answer 35

Research support - Milgram authoritarians obedient p score higher

Question 36

Weaknesses of authoritarian personality

Answer 36

Can’t explain whole country behaviour - Nazi F-scale biased - right wing, self report

Question 37

Strengths of LoC

Answer 37

Evidence in resisting obedience - Oliver - 406 who rescued Jews with 126 who didn’t. Rescuers higher internal.

Question 38

Weaknesses of LoC

Answer 38

Not all research supports. Twenge et al - more independent but more external Limited role - only in new situations

Question 39

Strengths of social support

Answer 39

Evidence for resisting - pregnant not smoke when buddy present - opposed to control group who continued. Evidence dissenting peers - Garson 88% rebelled

Question 40

What did Asch and Sherif investigate?

Answer 40

Asch Normative Sherif Informational

Question 41

Weaknesses reasons to conform

Answer 41

More likely to conform from pressure within our group Lab experiment - lack ecological validity, demand characteristics

Question 42

Strengths of zimbado’s study

Answer 42

Control over key variables - high internal validity

Question 43

Weaknesses of zimbado’s

Answer 43

Lack realism of true prison Exaggerated power of roles - 1/3 brutally

Question 44

Strengths of milgram’s

Answer 44

Replications supported - tv show 80% max

Question 45

Weaknesses milgrams study

Answer 45

Lack internal validity - demand characteristics Ethical issues - deception

Question 46

Strengths Agentic state

Answer 46

Research support - milgram

Question 47

Weaknesses of Agentic state

Answer 47

Doesn’t explain Jacobson - nurses disobeyed orders to give lethal dose Obedience alibi revisited - perform massacre autonomously

Question 48

Weaknesses social support

Answer 48

Practical application - don’t always copy the behaviour

Question 49

Lessons from minority influence

Answer 49

Drawing attention, consistency, deeper processing, augmentation principle, snowball effect, social cryptomnesia

Question 50

Strengths of minority influence

Answer 50

Research support - Moscovici Role of deeper processing - enduring effect

Question 51

Weaknesses of minority influence

Answer 51

Deeper processing - believe others think we do - doubt on validity Research artificial

Question 52

Outline and evaluate minority influence

Answer 52

Consistency Commitment Flexibility Research supporting consistency Moscovici et al Role of deeper processing - more enduring effect Research artificial, lack external validity, not applicable to real world

Question 53

What are the factors affecting obedience

Answer 53

Proximity Uniform Location

Question 54

Evaluation of factors affecting obedience

Answer 54

+ research support - Bickman security guard + cross cultural replication - low internal validity - demand characteristics