Social Interaction

Question 1

statuses

Answer 1

positions in society that are used to classify individuals

Question 2

ascribed status

Answer 2

one that is given involuntarily, such as race, ethnicity, gender, and family background

Question 3

achieved status

Answer 3

gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices, like being a doctor

Question 4

master status

Answer 4

status by which a person is most identified

Question 5

role

Answer 5

a set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status

Question 6

role performance

Answer 6

carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role

Question 7

role partner

Answer 7

the person with whom one is interacting

Question 8

role set

Answer 8

various roles associated with a status are referred to as a role set

Question 9

role conflict

Answer 9

the difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of multiple roles

ex. full time employee and single parent–> hard to do requirements of both

Question 10

role strain

Answer 10

the difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role

Question 11

role exit

Answer 11

dropping of one identity for another

Question 12

group

Answer 12

a social group, consists of two or more people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity.

as size increases, stability increases triad more stable than dyad

Question 13

triad

Answer 13

three people

more stable than dyad

Question 14

dyad

Answer 14

two people

Question 15

peer group

Answer 15

one that is defined by association of self-selected equals around similar interests, ages, and statuses

can be friends and provide belonging

Question 16

family group

Answer 16

determined by birth, adoption, and marriage

Question 17

in groups

Answer 17

groups to which an individual belongs

Question 18

out groups

Answer 18

groups to which an individual competes with or is in opposition to

Question 19

reference groups

Answer 19

groups are established by the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves

Question 20

primary group

Answer 20

the interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relationships to members….often last a long period of time

Question 21

secondary group

Answer 21

interactions are superficial, with few emotional bonds, last a short period of time, like students working together on a group project

Question 22

Gemeinschaft

Answer 22

community, refers to groups unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography

ex. families and neighborhoods

Question 23

Gesellschaft

Answer 23

society, refers to groups that are formed because of mutual self-interests working together toward the same goal

ex. companies and countries are examples

Question 24

interaction process analysis

Answer 24

a technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups

Question 25

System for multiple level observation of groups (SYMLOG)

Answer 25

based on the belief that there are three fundamental dimensions of interaction: dominance vs submission, friendliness vs unfriendliness, and instrumentally controlled vs emotionally expressive

Question 26

Group conformity

Answer 26

individuals are compliant with the group's goals, even when the group's goals may be in direct contrast to the individual's goal

Question 27

Groupthink

Answer 27

occurs when members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group, while ignoring outside ideas

Question 28

network

Answer 28

observable pattern of social relationships

Question 29

network redundancy

Answer 29

overlapping connections with the same individual

Question 30

immediate networks

Answer 30

dense with strong ties

Question 31

distant networks

Answer 31

distant networks are looser and contain weaker ties vs immediate networks

Question 32

organizations

Answer 32

entities that are set up to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and a culture

Question 33

formal organizations

Answer 33

organizations continue despite the departure of an individual member

Question 34

characteristic institution

Answer 34

basic organization of society is found in its characteristic institution back the day, kin, clan now- bureaucracy is everywhere

Question 35

bureaucracy

Answer 35

a rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control

Question 36

iron law of oligarchy

Answer 36

democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

Question 37

McDonaldization

Answer 37

refers to the shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in society

Question 38

Self-presentation

Answer 38

process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors

Question 39

impression management

Answer 39

self-presentation is often used interchangeably with impression management, use strategies to shape what others will think of them

Question 40

basic model of emotional expression

Answer 40

Darwin, emotional expression consists of a number of components, facial expressions, behaviors, postures, vocal changes, etc. related to appraisal model

Question 41

appraisal model

Answer 41

accepts that there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced but that there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression

Question 42

social construction model

Answer 42

assumes there is no biological basis for emotions, instead they are based on experiences and the situational context alone

Question 43

display rules

Answer 43

cultural expectations of emotion are often referred to as display rules

Question 44

Cultural syndrome

Answer 44

a shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture that are organized around a central theme

Question 45

authentic self

Answer 45

who the person actual is

Question 46

ideal self

Answer 46

who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

Question 47

tactical self

Answer 47

who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others' expectations of us

Question 48

dramaturgical approach

Answer 48

uses the metaphor of a theatrical performance to describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations front stage and backstage

Question 49

front stage

Answer 49

where the actor is in front of the audience and performs according to the setting

Question 50

back stage

Answer 50

where the actor is not being observed by an audience and is free to act in ways that may not be congruent with his desired public image without having to worry about ruining his performance

Question 51

Verbal languages

Answer 51

spoken language, written language, sign languages (ASL), tactile languages (Braille alphabet)

Question 52

Nonverbal languages

Answer 52

facial expressions, body language (postures), gestures, tone of voice (prosody), eye contact, amount of personal space

Question 53

social construction model

Answer 53

states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions

Question 54

ingratiation

Answer 54

using flattery or conformity to win over someone else

Question 55

aligning actions

Answer 55

the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior

Question 56

alter-casting

Answer 56

imposing an identity onto another person