Social Issues

Question 1

Social Issues

Average U.S. white family’s wealth: $________

Average U.S. black family’s wealth: $________

Answer 1

Average U.S. white family’s wealth: $170,000

Average U.S. black family’s wealth: $17,000

Question 2

Social Issues

When and via what legislation did U.S. slavery become illegal?

Answer 2

1865

The 13th Amendment

Question 3

Social Issues

When was the final U.S. slave freed?

Answer 3

Juneteenth

1865

Question 4

Social Issues

What was accomplished by the 1866 Civil Rights Act?

Answer 4

To define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law

Question 5

Social Issues

The Post-Slavery Great Migration

In 1910, ___% of African Americans lived in the South, but by 1970, this was true of only ___%.

Answer 5

The Post-Slavery Great Migration

In 1910, 89% of African Americans lived in the South, but by 1970, this was true of only 53%.

(Following 1864, former slaves began moving as far away as the majority of counties in Montana - where they flourished for a time, until racist sentiments revived and drove them out / consolidated them in urban ghettos.)

Question 6

Social Issues

When did reconstruction end?

Following the election of which President?

Answer 6

1877

Hayes

Question 7

Social Issues

What occurred following the 1877 end of reconstruction under President Hayes?

Answer 7

Southern violence, racist sentiment, and sharecropping schemes exploded

Question 8

Social Issues

1883 legislation ruled what in relation to the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

Answer 8

That housing discrimination did not violate the act

(giving the green light to housing discrimination)

Question 9

Social Issues

Jim Crow laws were first established in what year?

Answer 9

1887

Question 10

Social Issues

How did racial feelings in the U.S. change in the early 1900s?

Answer 10

Racial animous increased and African Americans were expelled from their new homes across the nation

(e.g. African Americans in Montant went from being members of nearly all counties to being present in only a few isolated locations within the state.)

Question 11

Social Issues

What legislation established the ‘separate but equal’ ruling?

In what year?

Answer 11

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

Question 12

Social Issues

In the 19__s, the ______ and ______ administrations promoted zoning laws designed to separate the races.

Answer 12

In the 1920s, the Harding and Hoover administrations promoted zoning laws designed to separate the races.

Question 13

Social Issues

True/False.

The 1930s Roosevelt administration New Deal programs managed to reverse some of the racial damage done by the Harding and Hoover administrations’ zoning laws.

Answer 13

False.

The 1930s Roosevelt administration New Deal programs continued and expanded the housing segregation.

Question 14

Social Issues

Starting in the 19___s, the FHA and VA rejected blacks seeking insurance in white communities and vice versa.

Answer 14

Starting in the 1940s, the FHA and VA rejected blacks seeking insurance in white communities and vice versa.

Question 15

Social Issues

What legislation established high-rise projects in urban areas, thus consolidating/segregating poor blacks in city centers?

Answer 15

The 1949 Housing Act

Question 16

Social Issues

In the 1940s, the FHA, VA, and many state constitutions had explicit segregationist rules for _________/_________ (well over half of all mortgages and nearly all subdivision financing nationwide).

Answer 16

In the 1940s, the FHA, VA, and many state constitutions had explicit segregationist rules for insurance/mortgages (well over half of all mortgages and nearly all subdivision financing nationwide).

(This subdivision development was almost always only for whites.)

Question 17

Social Issues

What decision about the Brown v. Board of Education decision on school segregation was made in 1955?

Answer 17

It was ruled to not apply to housing segregation

Question 18

Social Issues

What three major pro- racial equality legislations were passed in the 1960s?

Answer 18

1. The Civil Rights Act

2. The Voting Rights Act

3. The Fair Housing Act

Question 19

Social Issues

Despite the passing of the Fair Housing Act in the late 1960s, what decision was passed in 1971?

Answer 19

The 1950s state constitutions requiring referendums on suburban integration were upheld as constitutional

Question 20

Social Issues

True/False.

1950s state constitutions requiring referendums on suburban integration were upheld as constitutional as recently as the 1970s.

Answer 20

True.

Many cities continue to cluster public housing in predominately black neighborhoods (as opposed to the recommended scatter-site projects)

Question 21

Social Issues

The war on drugs was begun by President __________ in 19___.

Answer 21

The war on drugs was begun by President Nixon in 1971.

(As a way of targeting hippies via marijuana and African Americans via heroin.)

Question 22

Social Issues

Which President of the 1980s expanded on Nixon’s war on drugs, mandating severe penalties and minimum prison sentences?

Answer 22

Reagan

Question 23

Social Issues

Name some of the effects of the post-Nixon, Reagan war on drugs.

Answer 23

Massive increase in incarcerations, especially along race lines (see crack cocaine vs. powder cocaine distinction)

Question 24

Social Issues

The race riots and rise of the black power movement in the 1980s arose out of what policies?

Answer 24

The war on drugs / mass incarceration

Question 25

# Social Issues Racial tensions flared during the 1990s in the face of public examples of what?

Answer 25

Police brutality

Question 26

# Social Issues In the 2000s and 2010s, we've still struggled most obviously with systemic racial inequalities along what the lines?

Answer 26

Policing, drug prosecution, mass incarceration

Question 27

# Social Issues **True/False**. Blacks are more likely to live in impoverished, crime-ridden areas and are much more likely to be arrested, especially for drug abuse, as drug use rates are much higher among poor minorities.

Answer 27

**False**. Blacks are more likely to live in impoverished, crime-ridden areas and are much more likely to be arrested, especially for drug abuse, ***even though drug use rates are similar across class lines***.

Question 28

# Social Issues In what way is there a positive feedback loop of crime and poverty and policing in poor communities?

Answer 28

**Increased policing typically leads to increased likelihood of being arrested, regardless of the likelihood of crime being committed.** *For example: in regards to drug use, low-income (often minority) neighborhoods are typically policed more heavily than high-income neighborhoods (often Caucasian), even though likelihood of frequent drug use does not change with racial differences or even necessarily based on income. Thus, increased policing in poor neighborhoods just leads to increased minority individuals in jail (and more broken families), not necessarily a decrease in crime.*

Question 29

# Social Issues Describe the series of major events/themes of racial inequality from the mid-1860s to 1900.

Answer 29

Explicit slavery Sharecropping Jim Crow End of Reconstruction Resurgence of major oppressive violence

Question 30

# Social Issues Describe the series of major events/themes of racial inequality from 1900 to the mid-1960s.

Answer 30

Explicitly racist zoning laws enacted Implicitly racist zoning laws enacted Harding and Hoover administration racial segregation in public housing Roosevelt New Deal programs provide explicitly segregated public housing Blacks rejected from FHA/VA housing projects and mortgage insurance

Question 31

# Social Issues Aside from the remnant racial segregation and lack of social/financial mobility created by past administrations, name some of the impediments that have stood in the way of progress in African-American communities since the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

Answer 31

The War on Drugs Mass Incarceration Differential policing

Question 32

# Social Issues **True/False**. Making abortions illegal drastically decreases the amount provided but also makes the abortions more dangerous.

Answer 32

**False**. Making abortions illegal ***does not drastically change*** the amount provided but does make the abortions more dangerous.

Question 33

# Social Issues What are the three most common reasons women get abortions?

Answer 33

**1. Negative impact on the mother's life** (e.g. interference with education, work, or ability to care for dependents) (74%) **2. Financial instability** (73%) **3. Relationship problems/unwillingness to be a single mother** (48%)

Question 34

# Social Issues In 2011, \_\_\_% of abortions were performed during the first trimester.

Answer 34

In 2011, **_91_** % of abortions were performed during the first trimester.

Question 35

# Social Issues Do most women find the process of undergoing an abortion emotionally/mentally difficult? Do most women regret getting one?

Answer 35

About half (**53**%). **No**! **\>99**% still consider it the right choice, even if they have some sadness or guilt afterwards

Question 36

# Social Issues \_\_\_\_\_% of women getting abortions are poor or low-income.

Answer 36

**_75_** % of women getting abortions are poor or low-income *(**49**% below the **FPL**)*.

Question 37

# Social Issues \_\_\_\_\_% of women getting abortions are religiously affiliated.

Answer 37

**_62_** % of women getting abortions are religiously affiliated.

Question 38

# Social Issues \_\_\_\_\_% of women getting abortions already have at least one child.

Answer 38

**_59_** % of women getting abortions already have at least one child.

Question 39

# Social Issues \_\_\_\_\_% of women getting abortions are in their 20s.

Answer 39

**_60_** % of women getting abortions are in their 20s *(only 12% are in their teens and 4% are minors)*.

Question 40

# Social Issues Describe the racial breakdown of women getting abortions.

Answer 40

**39**% White **28**% Black **25**% Hispanic **6**% Asian / Pacific Islander **3**% Other

Question 41

# Social Issues **True/False**. The majority of women getting abortions already have given birth to at least one child.

Answer 41

**True**. ~60%

Question 42

# Social Issues Which is more dangerous, childbirth or abortions?

Answer 42

Childbirth | (~14x more dangerous!)

Question 43

# Social Issues \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (most/few/about half of) states require women to wait a day or more after seeing a doctor to go through an abortive procedure.

Answer 43

**_About half of_** **(27)** states require women to wait a day or more after seeing a doctor to go through an abortive procedure.

Question 44

# Social Issues \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (most/few/about half of) states require parental notification or consent before letting minors get abortions.

Answer 44

**_Most_** **(38)** states require parental notification or consent before letting minors get abortions.

Question 45

# Social Issues **True/False**. About half of all states require women to receive counseling before getting an abortion.

Answer 45

True.

Question 46

# Social Issues How many states prevent private insurers from covering abortion?

Answer 46

11

Question 47

# Social Issues In the last 20 years, the global proportion of individuals living in extreme poverty has __________ (increased/decreased) by \_\_\_\_\_\_%.

Answer 47

In the last 20 years, the global proportion of individuals living in extreme poverty has **_decreased_** by **_50_** %.

Question 48

# Social Issues How many years has the average man in the world spent in school? How about the average woman?

Answer 48

10 years 9 years

Question 49

# Social Issues What percentage of individuals in the world are malnourished?

Answer 49

~11%

Question 50

# Social Issues What percentage of the world lives in a democracy?

Answer 50

~56%

Question 51

# Social Issues What percentage of boys and girls in the world are enrolled in primary school, respectively?

Answer 51

**92%** **90%** (although, only 60% finish in low-income countries)

Question 52

# Social Issues Over the last 50 years, how has the average number of babies born per woman changed?

Answer 52

It has halved | (5 down to 2.5)

Question 53

# Social Issues Data shows that half the increase in child survival in the world is due to what?

Answer 53

The increased ability of mothers to read and write.

Question 54

# Social Issues What are some direct methods to improve health for individuals living in income levels 1 and 2?

Answer 54

Fund primary schools, provide nurse education, train health workers, administer vaccinations.

Question 55

# Social Issues In a rough approximation, how many billions of people live in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia, respectively? What will these numbers be in 2100?

Answer 55

1 - 1 - 1 - 4 1 - 1 - 4 - 5

Question 56

# Social Issues **True/False**. Religion is the main indicator as to how many children a woman is likely to have in her lifetime.

Answer 56

**False**. ***Income level*** is the main indicator as to how many children a woman is likely to have in her lifetime.

Question 57

# Social Issues The U.S. prison system has increased by \_\_\_\_% since 1980.

Answer 57

The U.S. prison system has increased by **_600_**% since 1980. *_From ~0.25 million to ~1.5 million (with another ~1 million in jail)._*

Question 58

# Social Issues Name some of the factors that are filling up American prisons.

Answer 58

The war on drugs Minimum mandatory sentencing Private prison bed-fill quotas

Question 59

# Social Issues ~\_\_\_\_% of those in U.S. prisons are in for drug offenses.

Answer 59

~ **_50_** % of those in U.S. prisons are in for drug offenses.

Question 60

# Social Issues ~\_\_\_\_% of those in U.S. prisons have some form of mental illness.

Answer 60

~ **_50_** % of those in U.S. prisons have some form of mental illness.

Question 61

# Social Issues In other high-income countries, the rate of incarceration is ~\_\_\_\_\_\_ per 100,000 individuals. In the U.S. this number is ~\_\_\_\_\_\_ per 100,000 individuals. Pre-1980, the U.S. number was ~\_\_\_\_\_\_ per 100,000 individuals.

Answer 61

In other high-income countries, the rate of incarceration is ~ **_100_** per 100,000 individuals. In the U.S. this number is ~ **_700_** per 100,000 individuals. Pre-1980, the U.S. number was ~ **_100_** per 100,000 individuals.

Question 62

# Social Issues While they may not be as high as the U.S. incarceration rate (~700 per 100,000 individuals), name three countries that have high rates (around 300 or 400 per 100,000).

Answer 62

Rwanda Russia Brazil

Question 63

# Social Issues When did private prisons first rise and start filling up with prisoners?

Answer 63

The 1980s

Question 64

# Social Issues Which organization reported in 2013 that numerous studies indicate private jails are actually filthier, more violent, less accountable, and possibly more costly than their public counterparts?

Answer 64

The ACLU

Question 65

# Social Issues **True/False**. Private prisons typically have state contracts, most of which have _bed-fill quotas_ in them upwards of _95_%. If these bed-fill quotas are not reached, the state is hit with a _fine_.

Answer 65

True.

Question 66

# Social Issues What damaging effects can incarceration have on an individual (especially one incarcerated for non-violent crime)?

Answer 66

Inability to obtain work afterwards Inability to vote Long-lasting mental illness due to trauma Differential association and increased likelihood of recidivism

Question 67

# Social Issues \_\_\_\_% of the U.S. prison population is in prison for marijuana-related crimes.

Answer 67

**_25_** % of the U.S. prison population is in prison for marijuana-related crimes.

Question 68

# Social Issues What are some of the common complaints about the state of U.S. prisons?

Answer 68

**Violent**/**exploitive** conditions (of physical, emotional, and sexual natures) **Overcrowded** population + **understaffed/undertrained** workforce **Dirty** conditions Poor **medical** **care** Poor quality of **food**