Social Psychology Unit Test

Question 1

attribution theory

Answer 1

tendency to give a casual explanation for someones behavior attributing it to external factors

Question 2

fundamental attribution error

Answer 2

tendency for observers when analyzing others to underestimate the impact of situation and oversestimate disposition

Question 3

actor observer bias

Answer 3

fundamental att. error and self serving bias together

Question 4

self effacign bias

Answer 4

to downplay success by attributing it to external causes

Question 5

self serving bias

Answer 5

if our behaviors are annoying to others it’s situation and not disposition

Question 6

halo effect

Answer 6

first impressions matter

Question 7

self handicapping

Answer 7

a person offers a preliminary excuse to fall back on if they fail

Question 8

components of an attitude

Answer 8

Attitude,, behavior,, cognition (ABC)

Question 9

implicit attitude

Answer 9

automtic and unconscious beliefs (attitudes we’re unaware of)

Question 10

explicit attitudes

Answer 10

conscious beliefs that we are aware of

Question 11

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 11

when our attitudes about another person, group, or ourselves leads us to act in a way that brings out the behaviors that will back up our attitudes

Question 12

central route persuasion

Answer 12

when interested ppl focus on the arguments and facts people respond with favorable thoughts

Question 13

peripheral route persuasion

Answer 13

people are influenced by incidental cues (perfume ad)

Question 14

cognitive dissonance

Answer 14

holding different and conflicting beliefs, there is tension or anxiety when the two beliefs conflict (people are more likely to ignore new information when this happens) (Festinger experiement)

Question 15

reciprocity norm

Answer 15

tendency to respond to others as they have acted toward you (smiling back a someone in the hall)

Question 16

foot in the door method

Answer 16

following up a smaller request with an even bigger one

Question 17

door in the face

Answer 17

following up an extravagant request with a smaller request

Question 18

low ball

Answer 18

pitching an attractive offer then raising the price with the sole aim of making a profit

Question 19

groupthink

Answer 19

people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts

Question 20

deindividuation

Answer 20

a lack of individual responsibility that comes from being in a crowd

Question 21

social facilitation

Answer 21

the tendency for th presence of other ppl to have a positive impact on the completion of an easy task

Question 22

social inhibition

Answer 22

presence of ppl has a negative effect on the performance of an easy task (stage fright)

Question 23

social loafing

Answer 23

in a group when some members do not pull their weight because they can fall back on the group and still be successful

Question 24

group polarization

Answer 24

the extreme strengthening of shared beliefs ( politcal parties)

Question 25

in group bias

Answer 25

(US) social groups with whom a person identifies

Question 26

out group

Answer 26

(THEM) social groups with whom a person does not identiy

Question 27

prejudice and discrimination

Answer 27

treating certain groups differently

Question 28

Prejudice

Answer 28

Affective, discrimination , stereotype

Question 29

affective

Answer 29

(feelings about a group)

Question 30

discrimination

Answer 30

treatment of one another

Question 31

stereotype

Answer 31

cognitive thoughts about people in a group (all football players are dumb)

Question 32

just world phenomenon

Answer 32

karma,, thinking that the world is fair and people get what they work for

Question 33

scapegoat theory

Answer 33

prejudice provides an outlet for anger by finding someone to blame

Question 34

other rae effect

Answer 34

tendency to remember faces of ones own race better than the faces of other races

Question 35

out group homogeneity bias

Answer 35

out groups are more similar than we (in group) are

Question 36

ethnocentric

Answer 36

belief of the superiority of ur culture over others

Question 37

social trap

Answer 37

individuals can cooperate or they can compete

Question 38

commons dilemma

Answer 38

individuals in a group each make decisions out of self interest and it causes harm to the group (tragedy of the commons)

Question 39

public goods dilemma

Answer 39

a situation in which the whole group can benefit if some members give something for the common good

Question 40

prisoners dilemma

Answer 40

choosing between loyalty and snitching for self benefit , when your also considering the outcome of another person making the same decision

Question 41

aggression

Answer 41

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or defeat another person

Question 42

instrumental aggression

Answer 42

goal is not to cause harm (football)

Question 43

hostile aggression

Answer 43

goal is to cause harm,, stems from anger

Question 44

influences on aggression

Answer 44

amygdala, limbic system, testosterone overload, or a serotonin deficiency

Question 45

frustration aggression principle

Answer 45

when a goal is out of reach aggression is brought out

Question 46

social script

Answer 46

exposure to something increases our chances to participate in it (children seeng violence in video games and tv)

Question 47

influencing factors of attraction

Answer 47

proximity, attractiveness, and similarity

Question 48

mere exposure effect

Answer 48

to novel stimuli increases attraction,, you are more likely to be attracted to someone the more exposure you have to them

Question 49

Sternbergs Triarchic Theory

Answer 49

triangle between liking, passion, and commitment

Question 50

altruism

Answer 50

prosocial behavior done with no expectations of reward and there is possible risky behavior involved (volntr. fire dept.)

Question 51

reciprocity norm

Answer 51

we should return help to those who gave us help

Question 52

social exchange theory

Answer 52

if the reward outweights the cost then you will help

Question 53

social responsibility norm

Answer 53

we should help even if the costs outweigh the benefits

Question 54

defensive attribution

Answer 54

fear that something bad may happen to you if you go to help

Question 55

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 55

everyone else will help

Question 56

bystander effect

Answer 56

(Kitty genovese) the presence of other people has a big impact on our decision to help or not

Question 57

contact theory

Answer 57

prejudice about a group diminishes when contact increases (cultural diffusion)

Question 58

superordinate goals

Answer 58

shared goals that override differences and require cooperation (sports teams)

Question 59

obedience

Answer 59

behavior chance in response to a demand from an authoritative figure (milgram shock study) (65%)

Question 60

factors that increase obedience

Answer 60

authority figure status prestige of institution proximity uniform

Question 61

conformity based on desire to fulfil others expectation and be liked

Answer 61

normative social influence

Question 62

informational social influence

Answer 62

conformity from evidence and facts (desire to be right) bandwagon fans

Question 63

factors increasing conformity

Answer 63

``` large group size unanimous increase ambiguity admiration of group no strong prior commitment being observed ```