Unit 6 Development and Language Flashcards
genotype
a set of genes that a person carries (cannot be seen but are there)
dominant trait
if passed a long, is expressed in phenotype but only is needed from one parent
recessive trait
if passed along, is expressed in phenotype, but is needed from both parents
phenotype
physical characteristics (can be impacted by your genotype or by your environment) (are visible)
stages of prenatal development
zygotic,, embryonic,, fetal
zygotic period
1st two weeks
period from conception until about 2 weeks in which the zygote experiences rapid cell division and the beginning of specialization
embryonic period
2 weeks after conception
heartbeat, brainstem, spinal chord, and organs
teratogens
chemicals and viruses that can pass the placenta and harm the embryo or fetus
ex. alcohol, caffeine, other drugs
fetal period
9 weeks to birth
sex organs develop at 12-13 weeks, the lungs and heart develop at 36 weeks
fetal alcohol syndrome
most common type of teratogen when the mother rinks alcohol and the child has physical and cognitive delay
infant reflexes and development
rooting,sucking,grasping reflex,, babinski reflex,, and moro reflex
rooting, sucking, grasping reflex
the baby will turn their head and open their mouth to follow and root in the direction of food,, when you touch the roof of mouth of the baby the baby will suck, and when you touch the palm then the baby will grasp (hence the name)
the babinski relex
B=bottom of foot
occurs after the sole of the babies foot has been firmly stroked the big toe them moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot
moro reflex
often called the startle reflex, bc it usually occurs when the baby is startled by a loud noise or movement. In response to the sound the baby throws out their head, extends arms and legs, cries, and then pulls their arms and legs back in
(2 months old)
infantile amnesia
the inability to remember things bc the limbic system is not developed
synaptic pruning
the brains ability to make neural connections and then condense them to make the connections more efficient
infant temperaments
easy,, difficult,, slow to warm up,, and average
Piagets philosophy of development
children are “little scientists” bc everyday kids experiment with the world around them and they learn through it
schema
a concept of framework that organizes and interprets change info.
accomodation
C=change
adapting our current understandings to incorporate new info
ex. toddler accommodates her schema for 4 leg furry animals distinguishing dogs and cats
assimilation
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing info
ex. toddler sees a cat and calls it a dog bc she is trying to assimilate it into an existing schema
Piagets stages of development
sensorimotor,, preoperational,, concrete operational,, formal operational
sensorimotor stage
0-2 years old
child experiments with senses and actions (exposed to touch)
Child Shows: Stranger Anxiety
-apprehension and difficulties around new people
Child Gains: Object Permanence
-infant knows that an obj. is there even when they cannot see it (peek-a-boo)
preoperational stage
2-7 years old
the symbolic thinking and pretend play, initiative, and reasoning
Child Shows: egocentrism, centration, overgeneralization, animism/artificialism
Child Gains: theory of mind
