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Khan Academy MCAT notes > Society and Culture > Flashcards

Society and Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

large scale perspective that looks for patterns in large populations of people

A

macrosociology

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2
Q

what are 3 classical foundational perspectives of society?

A

1) functionalism
2) conflict theory
3) symbolic interactionism

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3
Q

small scale perspective that looks at individual relations and interpret how this may affect a society

A

Microsociology

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4
Q

what are 2 common macroscale perspectives of society

A

1) Functionalism

2) Conflict theory

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5
Q

views society as competition for limited resources

who came up with this perspective?

A

Conflict theory

Karl Marx and Max Weber

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6
Q

Views society as a complex system composed of many different parts that work together to maintain stability

who came up with this perspective?

A

Functionalism

Emile Durkheim

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7
Q

Looks at society as a living organism

A

functionalism

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8
Q

what is Dynamic Equilibrium

A

Occurs to many parts working together to achieve stability

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9
Q

According to functionalism:

term that refers to the intended and recognized functions of society

A

manifest functions

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10
Q

according to functionalism:

Promotion of health is a___function of a hospital

A

manifest

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11
Q

according to functionalism: term that refers to the unintended and unforeseen functions of society

A

Latent functions

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12
Q

according to functionalism:

increasing the income gap is a ___ function of racial tension

A

latent

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13
Q

according to functionalism: reducing the crime rate is a ___ function of creating more jobs

A

Latent

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14
Q

what are some common micro level perspectives of society

A

1) Symbolic interactionism
2) Social constructionism
3) Rational Choice Theory
4) Social Exchange Theory

(SIlly RCcars SCream SEasonally)

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15
Q

what are the 2 views of institutions and how are they different?

A

Conservative View- instituion is a NATURAL BYPRODUCT of human nature. always helpful

Progressive View- instituitions are ARTIFICIAL CREATIONS that need to be REDESIGNED to be Helpful

(think CONSERVation of NATURe)

(PROducts are ARTIFICIAL )

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16
Q

what are the 5 social institutions

A

1) Education
2) Family
3) Religion
4) Economy/ Government
5) Health/ Medicine

Acronym (FREE Healthcare)

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17
Q

Views society as constructed through human INTERPRETATION

a tree could have 10 different meanings to 10 different people

A

Symbolic interactionsm

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18
Q

Views society as constructed through social interactions(agree on it )

(money only has value because we all agree that it does)

A

Social Constructionism

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19
Q

Views society as individuals make decisions by comparing costs and benifits

A

Rational Choice theory

and

Social Exchange Theory

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20
Q

Dominant religious organization that includes most members of society

Luthrinism in sweden

A

Ecclesia

remember roman catholic church saying they were Ecclesiastic

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21
Q

whats the difference between churches, sects and cults

A

CHURCHES- established religious body in large society
SECTS- establish in protest to established church(smaller)
CULTS-most radical, reject values of outside society(DEPEND on inspirational LEADER)

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22
Q

the weakening of social and political power of religious organizations as religious involvement declines

A

Secularization

Think of SECTS-established out of protests

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23
Q

reaction to secularization, go back to strict religious beliefs.

A

Fundamentalism

Think go back to fundamentals

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24
Q

what are the 4 main types of government and how are they different?

A

DEMOCRACY- take into account will of people
DICTATORSHIP-no consent of citizens
COMMUNISM- classless, property is owned by community
MONARCHY- government embodied by single person

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25
what are the 2 types of Economy and how are they different?
CAPITALISM-Private ownership of production, based on supply and demand SOCIALISM- motivated by what benefits society as a whole (cap the socialist!)
26
Division of Labor in society is ____
functionalism | think of view of society- different parts working together
27
sick role
expectation in society that allows you to take break from responsibility if your sick
28
what are the 3 versions of sick role? how are they different?
1) Conditional- temporary 2) Unconditional- uncurable 3) Illegitimate- Stigmatized by others
29
ACCESSIBILITY vs AVAILABILITY in Health care
ACCESSIBILITY-ability to access/ obtain resources AVAILABILTY- the presence of resources
30
ACCESSIBILITY vs AVAILABILITY: | Patient has screw in leg unable to have MRI
Accessibility | resources are available
31
ACCESSIBILITY vs AVAILABILITY: | Patient doesn't seek mental health services due to shame
Accessibility | Resources available
32
ACCESSIBILITY vs AVAILABILITY: | Patient seeking lung transplant is put on waiting list due to lack of donors
Availability | Resources unavailable
33
process of being ill and how people cope with illness
Illness experience
34
looks at health disparities through social indications like race, gender and income distributions
Social Epidemiology | the social aspects of epidemiology
35
according to conflict theory: society evolves through what 3 stages
1) feudalism 2) capitalism 3) socialism (in a FEUD you CAP the SOCIALIst)
36
``` in conflict theory: term that refers to individuals of a social class that have wealth, power and influence (upper class) ```
Bourgeoisie | think Wealthy people have BOUjee stuff
37
in conflict theory: | term that refers to individuals from working class, worth determined by ability to perform(lower class)
Proletariat | think PRO (before) LETARate( reading) poor people cant read
38
in conflict theory: term refers to realization by lower class that there was a major discrimination in economic status, This intern led to ___
Thesis led to Anti-Thesis(desire of workers to change thesis)
39
Theorist expanded on Marx proposal of society , | said society is shaped by war and cultural and ethical conflicts
Ludwig Gumplowics | think GUM on Plow crashing into people
40
what is the difference between Class, Prestige/Status and Power?
CLASS- persons economic position in society STATUS/PRESTIGE- persons social honor or popularity POWER- Persons ability to get their way despite resistance
41
what are the two forms of social constructionism? How are they different?
WEAK- propose that social constructs are dependent on Brute Facts and Institutional Facts STRONG- all Knowlege is a social construct and there are no brute facts
42
aspect of weak social constructionism: | something that is not defined by something else
brute facts
43
aspect of weak social constructionism: are created by social conventions and do rely on other facts
Institutional facts | think INSTITUTIONS are built UP
44
what are the 2 people responsible for symbolic interactionsim?
George Herbert Mead Herbert Blumer (think flowers blooming in mead is a symbol)
45
Patriarchy
Men Constitute the governing body and heads of families and communities
46
what is another name for mellenials and what year were these people born?
Gen Y | 1980-2000s
47
people that are born in 1995-2003 are?
Generation Z | sister likes to catch her ZZZ's
48
People that are born 1946-1964
Baby Boomers
49
people born in 1925-1945(before baby boomers)
Silent Generation
50
Ratio that compares people the are less than 14 y/o and greater than 65 y/o and compares them to # of people in the the labor force (15-64)
dependency ratio
51
a holistic perspective that calls attention to developmental processes and other experiences across a persons life
Life-course Theory
52
theory that suggests age is a way of regulating behavior of a generation
Age Stratification Theory | think meteros entering stratosphere only the young will adapt to survive
53
Theory that looks at how other generations look at themselves. Certain activities need to be replaced so elderly can be engaged
Activity Theory
54
Theory that states older people and society seperate (elderly people still involved in society are not adjusting well)
Disengagement Theory
55
Theory that states people try to maintain a basic structure throughout there lives
Continuity Theory Think( try to maintain continuity through out life)
56
what is the difference between race and ethnicity
Race - defined by physical differences Ethnicity- defined by cultural factors like language, nationality, history and religion
57
group of people are forcefully moved
population transfer
58
minority group is segregated and exploited
intercolonialism | think segregated as Seperated inside the COLONY
59
minority group is absorbed into the majority
assimilation
60
___encourages racial and ethnic variation in population
Pluralism
61
same biological sex and gender
cis gender
62
biological sex and gender don't match
trans gender
63
gender queer
dont identify as male or female
64
agender
rejecting gender categories
65
gender fluid
moving across genders
66
non-binart
not identifying with specific gender
67
third gender
cultures that recognize non-binary gender
68
biological traits that society associates with being male or female
sex
69
cultural meanings attached to being masculine and feminine
gender
70
secual attraction, practivices and identity
sexuality
71
theory that explains how people should be gendered in society (what constitutes male and female characteristics)
gender schema theory
72
how we expect men and females to do
gender script

Khan Academy MCAT notes (32 decks)

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