[2nd] PHARMACEUTICS (PHARMA 212) > SOLID DOSAGE FORMS > Flashcards

SOLID DOSAGE FORMS Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q
  • mixtures of finely divided drugs and/or chemicals
  • internal
  • external
A

powder

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2
Q

advantages of powder

A
  1. rapid dispersion
  2. flexible (can adjust dosage freely)
  3. chemically stable
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3
Q

disadvantages of powder

A
  1. may deliver inaccurate doses
  2. not suitable for drugs that is unpleasant-tasting
  3. not suitable for deliquescent and hygroscopic drugs
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4
Q

no. of square openings per linear inch

A

sieve number

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5
Q

DESCRIPTIVE TERM and THEIR RESPECTIVE SIEVE NUMBERS

  1. __________ = # __
  2. __________ = # __
  3. __________ = # __
  4. __________ = # __
  5. __________ = # __
A
  1. Very Coarse (VC) = No. 8
  2. Coarse (C) = No.20
  3. Moderately Coarse = No.40
  4. Fine (F) = No.60
  5. Very Fine (VF) = No. 80
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6
Q

how to compound a powder?

A

A. COMMINUTION
1. Trituration
2. Levigation
3. Pulverization by intervention

B. MIXING/BLENDING
1. Trituration
2. Spatulation
3. Sifting
4. Geometric dilution
5. Tumbling

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7
Q
  • crushing substances to powder using mortar and pestle
A
  1. Trituration

A. COMMINUTION

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8
Q
  • forming a paste by the addition of a levigating agent
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
A
  1. Legivation
    - mineral oil
    - glycerin
    - propylene glycol
    - castor oil
    - PEG 400

A. COMMINUTION

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9
Q
  • addition of volatile substance to a gummy material
  • __________
A
  1. Pulverization by intervention
    - camphor

A. COMMINUTION

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10
Q
  • mixing powders using mortar and pestle
  • types of mortar and pestle:
    i. __________
    ii. __________
    iii. __________
A
  1. Trituration
    i. glass
    ii. porcelain
    iii. wedgewood

B. MIXING/BLENDING

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11
Q
  • smooth non-porous surface
  • for simple admixture
  • for chemicals that stain
A

glass

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12
Q
  • rough inner surface
  • for comminution
A

porcelain

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13
Q
  • for rougher surface
  • for crystalline substances
A

wedgewood

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14
Q
  • blending of powders with a spatula on a tile/paper
  • for small quantities, non-potent drugs, and eutectic mixtures
A
  1. Spatulation

B. MIXING/BLENDING

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15
Q
  • mixed using sifters
  • light and fluffy product
  • not for potent substances
A
  1. Sifting

B. MIXING/BLENDING

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16
Q
  • addition of an equal volume of diluent to a potent substance
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
A
  1. Geometric dilution
    - levothyroxine
    - baclofen
    - prednisone
    - clonidine

B. MIXING/BLENDING

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17
Q
  • mixed using large containers rotated by a motorized process
A
  1. Tumbling

B. MIXING/BLENDING

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18
Q

TYPES OF MEDICATED POWDERS

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A

A. AEROSOL POWDERS

B. BULK POWDERS
1. oral powders
2. dentrifices
3. dusting powders
4. douche powders
5. insufflations

C. DIVIDED POWDERS/CHARTULAE

19
Q
  • administered by inhalation with the aid of dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
  • most of these products are used in the treatment of asthma and other bronchial disorders that require distribution of medication deep in the lungs
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
  • __________
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A

A. AEROSOL POWDERS

  • tiotropium bromide
  • handihaler
  • turbohaler (beflesonide)
  • salmeterol diskus
  • salbutamol
20
Q
  • dispensed in large quantities
  1. __________: dissolved in water
  2. __________: cleaning teeth; anticariogenic effect
  3. __________: non-toxic powders that have no systemic action
  4. __________: dissolved in water and administered in body cavity
  5. __________: blown into body cavities using insufflators
  • ___________
  • ___________
  • ___________
  • ___________
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A

B. BULK POWDERS

  1. oral powders: dissolved in water
  2. detrifices: cleaning teeth; anticariogenic effect
  3. dusting powders: non-toxic powders that have no systemic action
  4. douche powders: dissolved in water and administered in body cavity
  5. insufflations: blown into body cavities using insufflators
  • fluimucil
  • tartar
  • localized [antiseptic, astringent, minor surgery]
  • vaginal powders
21
Q
  • dispensed in doses
  • folded in paper (paper tabbing)
  • ___________
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A

C. DIVIDED POWDERS/CHARTULAE

  • newly born
22
Q

types of powder paper

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A
  1. white bond paper
  2. vegetable parchment
  3. glassine paper
  4. waxed paper
23
Q

TYPES OF POWDER PAPER

  1. ____________
    - opaque
    - no moisture resistance
  2. ____________
    - thin
    - semi-opaque
    - moisture resistant
  3. ____________
    - glazed
    - transparent
    - moisture resistant
  4. ____________
    - waterproof
    - best for deliquescent and hygroscopic powders
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A

TYPES OF POWDER PAPER

  1. white bond paper
    - opaque
    - no moisture resistance
  2. vegetable parchment
    - thin
    - semi-opaque
    - moisture resistant
  3. glassine paper
    - glazed
    - transparent
    - moisture resistant
  4. transparent
    - waterproof
    - best for deliquescent and hygroscopic powders
24
Q
  • dry aggregates of powder particles
  • may contain 1 or more API
  • normally in sieve no.4 to 12
25
advantages of granules
1. flows well compared to powders 2. less tendency to cake or harden 3. more stable than powders 4. can be easily wetted by liquids
26
how to compound granules?
A. wet granulation (water + alcohol) B. dry granulation (1 molecule water in citric acid) C. Effervescent granules
27
* addition of liquid excipients (granulating fluid and liquid binder)
A. wet granulation drug --- grind --- blend [adjuvant] --- agglomerate [liquids] --- pellet
28
* for moisture-sensitive and heat labile substances * compaction and compression forces
B. dry ganulation drug --- grind --- blend [adjuvant] --- pellet
29
* dissolved in water * produces CO2 gas Components: - ______________ - ______________ - ______________ Preparation: 1. ______________ 2. ______________
C. effervescent granules Components: - sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) - citric acid (acidity; stickiness) - tartaric acid (breaking it down) Preparation: 1. dry fusion method 2. wet method
30
* prepared by compression or molding Advantages (6) Disadvantages (2)
Tablets Advantages: 1. tamper proof 2. simple to identify 3. uniform content 4. less costly 5. easy to package and ship 6. most stable oral dosage form Disadvantages: 1. some API and excipients resist compression 2. some ingredients require encapsulation before compression
31
types of tablets
A. for oral ingestion 1. compressed tablets 2. multiple compressed tablets - layered tablets - compression coated tablets 3. coated tablets - sugar coated tablets - film coated tablets - enteric coated tablets B. for oral cavity 1. chewable tablets 2. rapidly/orally disintegrating tablets 3. buccal tablets 4. sublingual tablets 5. lozenges - troches - pastilles - lollipops C. for preparing solution 1. effervescent tablet 2. compounding/dispencing tablets 3. hypodermic tablets 4. molded tablets/tablet triturates
32
* formed through compression * some can be scored
1. compressed tablets A. ORAL INGESTION
33
a. __________: formed by compressing 2/3 layers of formulation against each other b. __________: formed by compressing an outer shell around a tablet core
2. multiple compressed tablets a. layered tablets b. compression coated tablets A. ORAL INGESTION
34
a. __________: coated with sucrose-based solution b. __________: coated with a thin layer of polymer c. __________: remains intact in the stomach; dissolves in the intestines
3. coated tablets a. sugar coated tablets b. film coated tablets c. enteric coated tablets A. ORAL INGESTION
35
* chew before swallowing * ________ and _______
1. chewable tablets * mannitol and xylitol B. ORAL CAVITY
36
* liquifies first in tongue before swallowing
2. rapidly/orally disintegrating tablets B. ORAL CAVITY
37
* placed in the lining of cheeks * disintegration time: _____
3. buccal tablets - 4hrs B. ORAL CAVITY
38
* placed under the tongue * disintegration time: _____
4. sublingual tablets - 2-3 mins B. ORAL CAVITY
39
* like a hard candy * sugary based * local effect only Types: a. _________: compressed b. _________: molded c. _________: on stick
5. lozengers Types: a. troches: compressed b. pastilles: molded c. lollipops: on stick B. ORAL CAVITY
40
* release CO2 upon dissolving
1. effervescent tablet C. PREPARING SOLUTION
41
* contain a large amount of API * used by pharmacists in compounding multiple dosage units * NO LONGER USED
2. compounding/dispensing tablets C. PREPARING SOLUTION
42
* used by physicians to prepare parenteral solutions * NO LONGER USED
3. hypodermic tablets C. PREPARING SOLUTION
43
* prepared by moistening powders and then putting on a triturate mold (may be compressed) * cylindrical tablets which are very soluble in water
4. molded tablets/tablet triturates C. PREPARING SOLUTION
[2nd] PHARMACEUTICS (PHARMA 212)
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