Solid State Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of solids ?

A

Crystalline solids and amorphous solids.

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2
Q

What can you say about crystalline solids ?

A

They have definite shape. They have long range order. They have sharp melting points. Their Enthalpy of fusion is definite. They are hard and rigid solids. They possess definite crystal system. They are true solids. They are malleable and ductile.

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3
Q

What do you know about amorphous solids ?

A

They do not have definite geometrical shape. They have short range order. They do not have sharp melting point. Entalpy of fusion is not definite. They are comparatively soft and not very rigid. They have crystal system absent. They are pseudo solids. They are isotopic.

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4
Q

What are the four types of ionic solids ?

A

They are ionic solids , molecular solids , covalent metwork solids. , and metallic solids.

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5
Q

Order of crystal system.

A

Cubic-tetrahedral-orthogonal-hexagonal-rhombohedral-monoclinic-triclinic.

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6
Q

What are the bravias lattice of cubic crystal system?

A

3- Primitive, Face centred , Body centred.

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7
Q

What are the bravias lattice of orthorhombic crystal system?

A

4- primitive, face centred, body centered, end centered.

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8
Q

Which cystal system have only two bravias lattice?

A

Monoclinic and tetragonal have 2 bravias lattice. They are primitive and end centered for monoclinic and primitive and body centered for tetragonal.

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9
Q

Which crystal system have just 1 bravias lattice ?

A

Rhombohedral, triclinic and hexagonal have just one bravias lattice. (ie Primitive)

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10
Q

What can you say about BCC?

A

Atomic radius r= a*(3^1/2)/4
Z=2
Co ordination number = 8
Packing fraction= 0.68

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11
Q

What can you say about FCC?

A

R=a*(2^1/2)/4
Z=4
Co ordination number = 12
Packing fraction = 0.74

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12
Q

Why are the two types of packing ?

A

Hexagonal close packing(HCP) and Cumnock closest packing (CCP)

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13
Q

What can you say about Hexagonal close packing (HCP)?

A

Coordination number= 12
Z=6
Packing fraction= 0.74
Type of packing - ABAB……

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14
Q

What do you know about cubic closest packing (CCP)?

A

Coordination number=12
Z=4
Packing fraction= 0.74
Type of packing = ABCABC…

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15
Q

What are the four types pf void ?

A

Triangular void
Tetrahedral void
Octahedral void
Cubic void

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16
Q

What do you know about triangular void ?

A

r(void)/r(sphere)=0.155

Coordination number = 3

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17
Q

Why do you know about tetrahedral void ?

A

r(void)/r(sphere)= 0.225

Coordination number= 4

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18
Q

What do you know about octahedral void ?

A

r(void)/r(sphere)=0.414

Coordination number = 6

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19
Q

What do you know about cubic void ?

A

r(void)/r(sphere)=0.732

Coordination number =8

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20
Q

Limiting radius ratio

A

Coordination number = 2

Shape = linear

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21
Q

Limiting radius ratio

0.155-0.225

A

Coordination number = shape = planar triangle

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22
Q

Limiting radius ratio

0.225-0.414

A

Coordination number = 4

Shape= Tetrahedral

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23
Q

Limiting radius ratio

0.414-0.732

A

Coordination number = 6

Shape = octahedral

24
Q

Limiting radius ratio

0.732-0.999

A

Coordination number = 8

Shape= like body central cubic

25
What are the 5 types of ionic structure ?
``` Rock salt (NaCl) Zinc blend (ZnS) CsCl Fluorite structure (CaF2) Anti fluorite structure (Na2O) ```
26
Two types of point defect?
Stochiometric and non stochiometric
27
3 types of stochiometric defect
Vacancy - constituent particle missing Frenkel- dislocation of ions Schottky- ion pair missing
28
Non stochiometric defects
Metal excess defect- due to presence of extra cations in interstitial state Metal deficiency defect- due to presence of extra anions in interstitial state.
29
Facts about diamagnetic substances
Repelled by magnetic field. All paired electrons. Used as an insulator.
30
Facts about paramagnetic substances
Attracted by magnetic field. At least one unpaired electron. Used in electronic appliances
31
Facts about ferromagnetic substances
Permanent magnetism. Dipoles aligned in same direction. Eg: Fe,Ni,Co
32
Facts about antiferromagnetic substances
Net dipole moment alignment is zero | Eg: MnO,MnO2
33
Fact about ferrimagnetic substance
Net dipole exists | Eg= Fe3O4
34
Coordination numb of Rock Salt ( NaCl) type
6
35
Coordination number of zinc blend ( ZnS )
4
36
Coordination number of CsCl type
8
37
Coordination number of Flourite structure type ( CaF2 )
``` Ca= 8 F= 4 ```
38
Coordination number of anti Flourite structure ( Na2O) type
``` O= 8 Na= 4 ```
39
No of nearest neighbours in FCC
12
40
Number of next nearest neighbours in BCC?
6
41
Distance of nearest neighbour in BCC
√3/2 a
42
Distance of next nearest neighbour in FCC
1 a
43
Distance of next nearest neighbour in simple cubic cell
√3 a
44
Number of plane of symmetry in cubic unit cell
9
45
Number of axis of symmetry in cubic unit cell
13
46
Height of HCP unit cell
√32/ 3
47
Distance between two successive layers in CCP
√8/3
48
Volume of HCP unit cell
24√2
49
Number of tetrahedral void in CCP
8
50
Number of octahedral void in CCP
4
51
Number of tetrahedral void in HCP
12
52
Number of octahedral void in HCP
6
53
Number of carbon atoms in unit cell of diamond
8
54
In solid state , density d=?
d= ZM/N₀a³ ; a= edge length. M= Molecular weight
55
In solid state , Packing fraction = ?
Packing Fraction = ZV(atom)/V(unit cell)
56
In solid state what is Coordination no. =?
Coordination number = No of first neighbours.