Solid waste pollution

Question 1

2 sources

Answer 1

-Mine spoil heaps , could contain toxic metals
-Domestic waste such as packaging and paper

Question 2

3 key words that affect waste production

Answer 2

-Built-in obsolescence means items are designed to have a short lifespan
-Disposable products means products are indented to have a limited usable life e.g.. razors
-overpackaging to make products more attractive but packaging is thrown away

Question 3

3 factor which affect waste disposal methods

Answer 3

-Mass of waste produced per capita
-properties of waste e.g. flammable/toxic
-Land availability

Question 4

3 features of good landfill sites

Answer 4

-Polymer liner to prevent escape of leachate fluids which can be collected and treated
-Deodorising spray to control odours
-Control of methane and use it as a fuel

Question 5

2 disadvantages of landfill

Answer 5

-Large areas of land
-Leachate may leak from poorly managed sites

Question 6

3 controls of spoil heaps

Answer 6

-stability improved by compaction or vegetation to bind roots together
-artificial drainage to reduce risk of landslides
-Landscaping to reshape the heap and make it more aesthetic

Question 7

2 advantages of incineration

Answer 7

-heat produced can be used in district heating
-No complicated management /sorting

Question 8

2 disadvantages of incineration

Answer 8

-Fuel used to maintain combustion of wet/non flammable waste is expensive
-Treatment of atmospheric pollutants in effluent increases costs

Question 9

3 features of good incinerators

Answer 9

-Recyclable waste removed before incineration
-Heat produced is harnessed for other uses
-Atmospheric pollutant controls

Question 10

1 specialist waste

Answer 10

-asbestos can cause asbestosis and mesothelioma cancer , to manage we must keep double wrapped in heavy-duty polythene bags and record water content

Question 11

What is encapsulation and vitrification

Answer 11

-Encapsulation is used for heavy metal waste and makes it immobile and unreactive
-Vitrification is special for high radioactive waste , molten glass used to solidify waste