Special needs

Question 1

Define impairment

Answer 1

Pathological process influencing structure and function

Question 2

Define disability

Answer 2

Consequence of impairment

Question 3

Define handicap

Answer 3

The way in which the person responds to the impairment

Question 4

What are warning signs at 3 months old?

Answer 4

1. No visual fixation/following
2. Assym tone/movement
3. Floppy/stiff
4. Consistent fisting
5. Unable to turn/lift head
6. Failure to smile
7. Poor sucking and swallowing

Question 5

What are warning signs at 6 months old?

Answer 5

1. Squint
2. Assym movement
3. Floppy
4. No head control
5. Failure to turn to sound
6. Poor response to people
7. Failure to use both hands

Question 6

What are warning signs at 9 months old?

Answer 6

1. Squint
2. Unable to sit
3. Failure to use both hands
4. Fisting
5. Persistence of primitive reflexes

Question 7

What are warning signs at 12 months old?

Answer 7

1. Unable to bear weight on legs
2. Not crawling/pulling to stand
3. Abnormal grasp
4. Failure to respond to sound
5. Unable to start solids independently

Question 8

What are warning signs at 15 months old?

Answer 8

1. Not walking
2. Abnormal posture
3. Abnormal grasp
4. Failure to respond to sound
5. Not talking

Question 9

What are warning signs at 18 months old?

Answer 9

1. Failure to walk
2. Unable to pick up small objects
3. Abnormal posture
4. Inability to understand simple commands
5. Not yet talking

Question 10

What are warning signs at 2 years old?

Answer 10

1. Inability to understand simple commands

2. Poor coordination

Question 11

What are warning signs at 3 years old?

Answer 11

1. Using only single words

2. Ataxia

Question 12

What are warning signs at 5 years old?

Answer 12

1. Emotional immaturity
2. Poor concentration
3. Unable to play in group
4. Poor posture during table top activities

Question 13

What are warning signs at 6 years old?

Answer 13

1. Clumsy
2. Poor posture
3. Poor pencil grip
4. No hand dominance

Question 14

What are the DSM V criteria for autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 14

A. Social communication/interaction
- deficit in social emotional reciprocity
- deficit in non verbal communication
- abnormal relationships
B. Behaviour
- repetitive motor movements
- insistence on sameness
- fixated interests
- hyper/hyporeactive to sensory stimuli 
C. Sx in early development
D. Sx cause impairment
E. No other explanation

Question 15

What are the red flag signs for autism?

Answer 15

12 months - no babbling, no waving or pointing
18 months - no single words
24 months - no spontaneous 2 word phrases
Any age - loss of language/social skills

Question 16

What test can you use to help establish ASD?

Answer 16

MCHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers)

Question 17

What is the DSM V criteria for ADHD?

Answer 17

A. Persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity interfering with function or development characterized by 1 and/or 2 
B.Sx before 12 years
C. Sx present in at least 2 settings
D. Sx impair functioning
E. No other explanation

Question 18

What are signs of inattention?

Answer 18

a) Fails to give attention
b) Difficulty sustaining attention
c) Doesn’t seem to listen
d) Doesn’t complete tasks
e) Struggle to organize tasks
f) Avoids tasks requiring mental effort
g) Loses things
h) Easily distracted
i) Forgetful

Question 19

What are signs of hyperactivity-impulsivity?

Answer 19

a) Fidgety
b) Can’t remain seated
c) Running and climbing
d) Plays loudly
e) “On the go”
f) Talks+++
g) Blurts out answers
h) Difficulty to wait turn
i) Interrupts/intrudes