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SHS112 > SPECIAL SENSES > Flashcards

SPECIAL SENSES Flashcards

(70 cards)

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0
Q

The _________(_) is responsible for motor control of the eye and constricting of the iris (PNS)

A

Occulomotor (3)

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1
Q

What nerve causes afferent impulses for vision?

A

Optic (2)

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2
Q

The trochlear (5) and abducens (6) control what?

A

Eyeball movement and proprioception

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3
Q

What causal nerve controls the lacrimal gland and is responsible for tears ?

A

Facal (7)

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4
Q

Nearly half of the __________ _______ is involved in processing visual information

A

Cerebral cortex

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5
Q

The eyebrows over lie the ___________ margins

A

Supra orbital

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6
Q

The eyelids protect the eye _______

A

Anteriorly

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7
Q

_______ is a transparent membrane of the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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8
Q

Tears drain into the_________ duct

A

nasolacrimal

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9
Q

Tears enter paired lacrimal______ via the lacrimal_____

A

canaliculi

puncta

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10
Q

How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?

A

6

4 rectus - originate from common tendinous ring; names indicate the movements they promote
2 oblique - move eye in verticals plane and rotate eyeball

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11
Q

The six strap like extrinsic eye muscles originate from the bony ______

A

orbit

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12
Q

The lateral rectus moves the eye _______ and is controlled by the ______ cranial nerve

A

Laterally

Abducens

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13
Q

The medial rectus moves the eye ________ and is controlled by the ________ nerve

A

Medially

laterally

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14
Q

The _______ _________ elevates the eye and turns it medially - it is controlled by the occulomotor nerve

A

superior rectus

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15
Q

The ______ ______ depresses the eye and turns it medially - It’s controlled by the occulomotor nerve

A

Inferior rectus

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16
Q

The inferior oblique muscle _______ the eye and turns it _________

A

Elevates

Laterally

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17
Q

The _______ ______ depresses the eye and turns it laterally - it is controlled by the ________ cranial nerve

A

superior oblique

Trochlear

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18
Q

How many layers is within the eyeball

A

3

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19
Q

What are there 3 layers of the eyeball

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Sensory

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20
Q

The outer most layer of the eyeball is …?

A

Fibrous

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21
Q

The outermost layer of the eyeball - the fibrous layer is divided into two regions: the ______ and the ________

A

Sclera (posterior portion) (the white layer)

Cornea (anterior) (the transparent layer)

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22
Q

What separates the internal cavity into interior and posterior segments (cavities)

A

The lens

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23
Q

What pumps of the corneal endothelium on the inner face help maintain the clarity of the cornea

A

Sodium

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24
The ______ layer forms the middle part of the eyeball and has ____ sections
Vascular | 3
25
The vascular layer of the eyeball is divided into three layers; CCI
Choroid Ciliary body Iris
26
The _________ is a blood vessel rich, dark brown membrane. It's vessels nourish the eye and prevent light scattering
choroid
27
Anteriorly the choroid becomes the ____________- a thickened ring if tissue that encircles the lens
Ciliary body
28
The _____ Is the visible colour of the eyeball
Iris
29
The muscle fibres if the _____ help it to act as a reflexively activated diaphragm to vary pupil size
Iris
30
The sphincter pupillae muscle contraction ________ pupil size and is p___________
Decreases | Parasympathetic
31
Dialator pupillae muscle contraction ______ pupil size and is _________
Increases | sympathetic
32
The iris consists of two muscles the ________ pupillae and the ______ pupillae
Sphincter | Dilator
33
The sensory layer of the eye includes the ______
retina
34
The retina consists of two layers:
The pigmented layer of the retina and the neural layer of the retina
35
The _____ layer of the retina is the pigmented layer
outer
36
The ________ inner _______ layer of the retina extends Anteriorly to the posterior margin if the ciliary body
transparent | neural
37
From posterior to anterior the neural layer is composed of three main types of neurons; 1. P 2. B 3. G
Photoreceptors Bipolar cells Ganglion cells
38
The ______ disc is where the retina exits the eyeball
optic
39
______ dim light and peripheral vision receptors and are the most sensitive
Rods
40
______, by contrast are vision recruits for bright light and provide colour vision
Cones
41
____ cell axons run along the inner surface of the retina and leave the eye as the optic nerve
Ganglion
42
The lens is a halo like ciliary zonule that divides the eye into two segments. The anterior segment in front if the lens and the larger posterior segment behind it. The posterior segment is filled with a clear gel called ___________
Vitreous humour
43
The iris divides the anterior segment into the anterior chamber (between the cornea and the iris) and the posterior chamber (between the iris and the lens) The entire anterior segment is filled with ______ humour
aqueous
44
______ humour of the anterior segment Is in constant motion and is similar composition to blood plasma
Aqueous
45
_______;Packets of energy called protons (quanta) that travel in a wave like fashion
Light
46
______ and _______ respond to different wavelengths of the visible spectrum
Rods and cones
47
Refraction occurs when light meets the surface of a different medium at an ________ angle
oblique
48
Pathway of light | ________>________ humour>lens>_______ humour>neural layer of retina>photoreceptors
Cornea aqueous vitreous
49
Light is refracted 1. At the ______ 2. Entering the lens 3. Exiting the lens
cornea
50
Change in ______ curvature allows for fine focusing of an image
lens
51
The lens is ________ for distant vision
Flattened
52
___________ input relaxed the ciliary muscle, tightening the ciliary zonule and flattening the lens
Sympathetic
53
Close vision requires | Accommodation, __________ and ____________
Constriction and convergence
54
The lens bulges for close vision. ______________ input contacts the ciliary muscle, loosening the ciliary zonule, allowing the lens to bulge
Parasympathetic
55
The outer segments of rods and cones are embedded in the pigmented layer of the ______
retina
56
Rods are very sensitive to _____ light
Dim
57
_____need bright light got activation
Cones
58
The visual pigment of rods Is ______. When light is absorbed it breaks down
rhodopsin
59
There are three parts to the ear: 1 2 3
External (outer) Middle ear (tympanic cavity) Internal (inner) ear
60
The ______ ear and the _______ ear are involved with hearing
external | Middle
61
The _______ ear (lay birth) functions in both hearing and equilibrium
internal
62
The auricle (pinna) of the external ear is composed of the ______ and the _______
Helix | Lobule
63
The hole of the ear is called the ____________ acoustic ____________ (auditory canal)
External acoustic meatus
64
The boundary between the external and middle ear is termed the ___________ membrane
Tympanic membrane
65
The __________ is described as a small, air filled, muscoss lined cavity in the temporal bone
Middle ear
66
The ___________ (auditory tube) connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
pharyngotympanic
67
The superior portion of the middle ear is termed the _________ recess
epitympanic
68
The 3 auditory ossicles are 3 small bones in tympanic cavity: the M_______ I________ S________
Malleus (most medial - the hammer) Incus Stapes
69
The internal ear consists the bony labyrinth, _______ labyrinth
membranous

SHS112 (16 decks)

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