URINARY

Question 0

What transports urine out of the body?

Answer 0

Urethra

Question 1

What transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 1

Ureter

Question 2

The kidney lies in the __________ space In the superior lumbar region

Answer 2

retroperitoneal

Question 3

The _______ kidney is lower than the _________

Answer 3

Right kidney is lower than the left

Question 4

The kidney has a _______ lateral surface and a ______ medial surface

Answer 4

convex

concave

Question 5

The renal hilum leads to the ________ _______

Answer 5

renal sinus

Question 6

The kidney is surrounded by a ______ capsule

Answer 6

fibrous

Question 7

The_______ _______ is the light coloured superficial region if the kidney- it surrounds the kidney

Answer 7

renal cortex

Question 8

The renal medulla forms cone shaped darker renal medullary pyramids separated by _________ _________

Answer 8

Renal columns

Question 9

The tip of the pyramid is called the ______ and it releases ursine into the ________

Answer 9

Papilla

minor calyx

Question 10

The major calyx collects urine from the _________ and emptied urine into the _______ _______

Answer 10

minor calyxs

renal pelvis

Question 11

The renal pelvis is the funnel shaped tube within the _____ ______

Answer 11

Renal sinus

Question 12

Renal nerve supply is predominantly via sympathetic fibres from the _______ ________

Answer 12

renal plexus

Question 13

Blood supply into the kidney follows this path:
Aorta > renal artery > _______ artery > _______ artery > arcuate artery > ________ ________ artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus > efferent arteriole

Answer 13

segmental
interloblar
cortical radiate

Question 14

Glomerulus: a tuft of _________

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

The ________ _______ begins as a cup showed glomerular (bowmans) capsule surrounding the glomerulus

Answer 15

Renal tubule

Question 16

The renal tubule starts at the _______ ________

Answer 16

Renal corpuscle

Question 17

2.The ______ layer allows filtrate to pass into the capsular space

Answer 17

visceral

Question 18

3.The _________ _________ tubule (PCT) functions in reabsorption and secretion and is confined to the cortex

Answer 18

proximal convoluted

Question 19

The _________ has descending and ascending limbs and is freely permeable tow after

Answer 19

loop of henle

Question 20

The _______ segment of the ascending limb is permeable to _____ and ________ to water

Answer 20

Thick
NaCl
impermeable

Question 21

The _______ _______ tubule (DCT) functions more in secretion than absorption

Answer 21

distal convoluted

Question 22

What recieves filtrate from many nephrons and runs through the medulla

Answer 22

Collecting ducts

Question 23

The collecting ducts fuse together to deliver urine through ______ into minor calyces > ________ ______ > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder > urethra

Answer 23

papillae

major calyces

Question 24

What type of cells function in maintaining the acid base balance of the body: secrete Hydrogen and reabsorption of HCO3-

Answer 24

Intercalated cuboidal

Question 25

_______ cells help maintain the body's water and salt balance

Answer 25

Principal

Question 26

What type of nephrons are important in the production of concentrated urine

Answer 26

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 27

________ nephrons: %85 of nephrons; almost entirely in the cortex

Answer 27

Cortical

Question 28

The cortical nephron has a _____ loop of henle further from the corticomedullary junction

Answer 28

short

Question 29

The blood pressure in the glomerulus is high because 1. Afferent arterioles are larger in ______ than efferent arterioles 2. Arterioles are high _______ vessels

Answer 29

diameter | resistance

Question 30

______ arteriole > glomerulus > ___ arteriole

Answer 30

Afferent | Efferent

Question 31

___________ _________ (JGA) is important in the regulation of filtrate formation and blood pressure - there us one per nephron

Answer 31

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Question 32

__________ prevents the flirtation of blood cells

Answer 32

Fenestrations

Question 33

_______ charged basement membrane repels large anions such ad plasma proteins

Answer 33

Negatively

Question 34

Glomerular _______ cells engulf and degrade macromolecules and can contract to change the total surface area available for filtration

Answer 34

Mesangial

Question 35

The kidneys filter the body's entire plasma volume __ times each day

Answer 35

60

Question 36

________ is blood plasma minus proteins and cells

Answer 36

Filtrate

Question 37

The mechanisms of urine formation are: 1. glomerular filtration 2. Tubular __________ 3. Tubular _________

Answer 37

reabsorption | Secretion

Question 38

Glomerular filtration is a passive mechanical process driven by ___________ pressure

Answer 38

Hydrostatic Pressure of fluid against a wall due to gravity

Question 39

Glomerular blood pressure is ______ than other capillaries

Answer 39

higher

Question 40

_________ _________ pressure is responsible for filtrate formation and is determined by glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) and two force that oppose HPg: 1. _______ _______ pressure of glomerular blood (OPg) and 2. ___________ pressure (HPc)

Answer 40

Net filtration pressure Colloid osmotic pressure capsular hydrostatic

Question 41

NFP = _____ - (OPg + _____)

Answer 41

HPg | HPc

Question 42

The glomerular filtration rate is?

Answer 42

Volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys (110-125ml/min)

Question 43

The glomerular filtration rate is governed by the _______

Answer 43

Net filtration pressure (renal blood flow), the membrane permeability and the total surface area