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SHS112 > URINARY > Flashcards

URINARY Flashcards

0
Q

What transports urine out of the body?

A

Urethra

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1
Q

What transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureter

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2
Q

The kidney lies in the __________ space In the superior lumbar region

A

retroperitoneal

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3
Q

The _______ kidney is lower than the _________

A

Right kidney is lower than the left

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4
Q

The kidney has a _______ lateral surface and a ______ medial surface

A

convex

concave

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5
Q

The renal hilum leads to the ________ _______

A

renal sinus

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6
Q

The kidney is surrounded by a ______ capsule

A

fibrous

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7
Q

The_______ _______ is the light coloured superficial region if the kidney- it surrounds the kidney

A

renal cortex

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8
Q

The renal medulla forms cone shaped darker renal medullary pyramids separated by _________ _________

A

Renal columns

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9
Q

The tip of the pyramid is called the ______ and it releases ursine into the ________

A

Papilla

minor calyx

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10
Q

The major calyx collects urine from the _________ and emptied urine into the _______ _______

A

minor calyxs

renal pelvis

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11
Q

The renal pelvis is the funnel shaped tube within the _____ ______

A

Renal sinus

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12
Q

Renal nerve supply is predominantly via sympathetic fibres from the _______ ________

A

renal plexus

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13
Q

Blood supply into the kidney follows this path:
Aorta > renal artery > _______ artery > _______ artery > arcuate artery > ________ ________ artery > afferent arteriole > glomerulus > efferent arteriole

A

segmental
interloblar
cortical radiate

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14
Q

Glomerulus: a tuft of _________

A

Capillaries

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15
Q

The ________ _______ begins as a cup showed glomerular (bowmans) capsule surrounding the glomerulus

A

Renal tubule

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16
Q

The renal tubule starts at the _______ ________

A

Renal corpuscle

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17
Q

2.The ______ layer allows filtrate to pass into the capsular space

A

visceral

18
Q

3.The _________ _________ tubule (PCT) functions in reabsorption and secretion and is confined to the cortex

A

proximal convoluted

19
Q

The _________ has descending and ascending limbs and is freely permeable tow after

A

loop of henle

20
Q

The _______ segment of the ascending limb is permeable to _____ and ________ to water

A

Thick
NaCl
impermeable

21
Q

The _______ _______ tubule (DCT) functions more in secretion than absorption

A

distal convoluted

22
Q

What recieves filtrate from many nephrons and runs through the medulla

A

Collecting ducts

23
Q

The collecting ducts fuse together to deliver urine through ______ into minor calyces > ________ ______ > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder > urethra

A

papillae

major calyces

24
Q

What type of cells function in maintaining the acid base balance of the body: secrete Hydrogen and reabsorption of HCO3-

A

Intercalated cuboidal

25
Q

_______ cells help maintain the body’s water and salt balance

A

Principal

26
Q

What type of nephrons are important in the production of concentrated urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

27
Q

________ nephrons: %85 of nephrons; almost entirely in the cortex

A

Cortical

28
Q

The cortical nephron has a _____ loop of henle further from the corticomedullary junction

A

short

29
Q

The blood pressure in the glomerulus is high because

  1. Afferent arterioles are larger in ______ than efferent arterioles
  2. Arterioles are high _______ vessels
A

diameter

resistance

30
Q

______ arteriole > glomerulus > ___ arteriole

A

Afferent

Efferent

31
Q

___________ _________ (JGA) is important in the regulation of filtrate formation and blood pressure - there us one per nephron

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

32
Q

__________ prevents the flirtation of blood cells

A

Fenestrations

33
Q

_______ charged basement membrane repels large anions such ad plasma proteins

A

Negatively

34
Q

Glomerular _______ cells engulf and degrade macromolecules and can contract to change the total surface area available for filtration

A

Mesangial

35
Q

The kidneys filter the body’s entire plasma volume __ times each day

A

60

36
Q

________ is blood plasma minus proteins and cells

A

Filtrate

37
Q

The mechanisms of urine formation are:

  1. glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular __________
  3. Tubular _________
A

reabsorption

Secretion

38
Q

Glomerular filtration is a passive mechanical process driven by ___________ pressure

A

Hydrostatic

Pressure of fluid against a wall due to gravity

39
Q

Glomerular blood pressure is ______ than other capillaries

A

higher

40
Q

_________ _________ pressure is responsible for filtrate formation and is determined by glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) and two force that oppose HPg:

  1. _______ _______ pressure of glomerular blood (OPg) and
  2. ___________ pressure (HPc)
A

Net filtration pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure
capsular hydrostatic

41
Q

NFP = _____ - (OPg + _____)

A

HPg

HPc

42
Q

The glomerular filtration rate is?

A

Volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys (110-125ml/min)

43
Q

The glomerular filtration rate is governed by the _______

A

Net filtration pressure (renal blood flow), the membrane permeability and the total surface area

SHS112 (16 decks)

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