Specific Neoplasms Flashcards by KT Porzio

Characteristics of pancreatic cancer

Very aggressive
Fast moving
Invasive

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Most common form of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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Who is most at risk for pancreatic cancer?

Male dominant

- People over 60

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Screening for pancreatic cancer

Not really good screening

- CA 19- is used to confirm pancreatic cancer

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Symptoms of pancreatic cancer

Painless jaundice
Weight loss
Back pain (b/c its retroperitoneal)
DTV
Thromboplebitis
elevated liver function tests

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Common metastases of pancreatic cancer

Liver
Lung
Peritoneum

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Risk factors for pancreatic cancer?

Family History
Diabetes
Smoking
Chronic Pancreatitis
Over 60 years old
Male dominant

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Complications of pancreatic cancer

Usually when its found its too late to do anything

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Treatment of pancreatic cancer

Chemo/Palliative Chemo

- Whipple- (remove pancreatic head, duodenum, and gall bladder)

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Characteristics of lung cancer

First largest cancer killer

- Very aggressive

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Most common form of lung cancer

Lung adenocarcinoma

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Screening for lung cancer

Low residue CAT scan if you have a 30 pack/year or more history

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Symptoms of lung cancer

Shortness of breath
Weight loss
Cough
Hyponatremia
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Pleural effusion

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Risk factors for lung cancer

Smoking
Second Hand smoke
Exposure to inhalants or chemicals

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Treatment for lung cancer

Surgery
Radiation (combination of both)
Chemo

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This cancer is the 2nd largest killer

Colon Cancer

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Non malignant tumor of the colon

Nonneoplastic

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Premalignant tumor of the colon

Adenomatous polpys

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2 types of adenomatous polyps

Tubular Adenoma

- Villous Adenoma

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This syndrome guarantees cancer by the age of 30

Familial Adenomatous Polyps syndrome

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Describe familial adenomatous polyp syndrome

Autosomal Dominant
Colon cancer by 30
Need a colectomy
Colon is covered with thousands of polyps with malignant potential

Symptoms of colon cancer

Change is stool caliber
Constipation
Change in bowel habits
Anemia
Weight loss
Diarrhea
blood in stool
Abdominal Pain

Common Metastases of colon cancer

Liver
Lung
Lymph
Bone

What side of the colon doesn’t show a ton of symptoms

The right side

Most common type of kidney cancer

- Renal Cell carcinoma (90% of renal malignancies) | - Transitional cell carcinoma (can occur in ureters, kidney, and bladder)

Risk factors for kidney cancer

- Smoking - Over 65 - Men more than women

Characteristics of kidney cancer

- Can be aggressive | - Tends to get direct access to renal vein and artery

Symptoms of kidney cancer

- Hematuria - Flank Pain - Hypertension - Hypercalcemia - Polycythemia - Inflammed bladder - Painful urination

Metastases of kidney cancer

- Lung | - Liver

Screening for Kidney cancer

-Urinalysis over 40- looking for blood

Hematuria meansssss...

KIDNEY CANCER

Treatment of kidney cancer

-Surgery (removing the lesion does not guarantee that it doesn't come back

Characteristics of prostate cancer

- Most are androgen dependent - Testosterone stimulates growth - Not common in Asians and African Americans

Most common type of Prostate Cancer

-Prostate adenocarcinoma

Symptoms of prostate cancer

- Decreased stream - Dribbling - Hematuria - Increased frequency

What are common metastases of prostate cancer?

Bone (rib, pelvic, and lumbar spine)

What are screening types for prostate cancer?

- PSA levels (look for the trend- prostate size is directly related to PSA levels) - Prostate exam (should be the size of a walnut and symmetrical)

How are prostate cancers graded?

Gleason Score- grading of a prostate tumor based on biopsies

What is the screening technique for cervical cancer?

Paps

When should you get your first pap?

At 21 or 3 years after your first intercourse

Are vaccinations available for cervical cancer protection/prevention?

Yes- for males and females between 9 and 26

What are risk cancers for cervical cancer?

- Young at first intercourse - Multiple partners - Partner with multiple partners - Persistent HPV infection - Oral contraceptives - Smoking

What is ASCUS

Atypica, squamous cell, undeterminant significance

ISIL?

- low grade | - higher regression rate

High Grade

- more persistant | - can lead to cancer

What are risk factors for breast cancer?

- Hormonal (estrogen promotes) - Genetic (BRCA gene) - Early menses - Childlessness - Having a child over 30 years old - Increased breast density - Late menopause - If you have breast cancer in one, you are 10X more likely to have it in the other

What are the symptoms of breast cancer?

- None - Lump - Pain - Asymmetric breasts - Inverted nipple - Wrinkled Tissues - Nipple Discharge

Common metastases of breast cancer

- Lymph nodes - Lung - Liver - Brain - Bone

Treatment for breast cancer

- Surgery - Radiation - Chemo - High reoccurrence rate - If it is estrogen dependent- patients will be put on meds to inhibit estrogen

Preventative tests for breast cancer

Mammogram

What do you look for in a mammogram?

- Calcifications - Lesions - Anything abnormal