Spermatogenesis

Question 1

what hormone bind to leydig cells

Answer 1

LH

Question 2

what hormone binds to sertoli cells

Answer 2

FSH

Question 3

what makes up the adluminal compartment

Answer 3

• sertoli cells
• developing germ cells

Question 4

what makes up the basal compartment

Answer 4

• tight junction
• basement membrane

Question 5

what is another name the tight junction

Answer 5

blood testis barrier

Question 6

what is the function of tight junction

Answer 6

keeps blood away from the adluminal compartment

Question 7

BTB

Answer 7

blood testis barrier

Question 8

what are the two main jobs of the blood testis barrier

Answer 8

• compartmentalizes the ST
• protects the developing male germ cells

Question 9

what does the male germ cells need protected from

Answer 9

• the outside environment
• autoimmune response

Question 10

spermatozoa

Answer 10

the actual sperm

Question 11

spermatids (on figure)

Answer 11

black dots

Question 12

spermatocytes (on figure)

Answer 12

red dots

Question 13

spermatogonia (on figure)

Answer 13

blue dots below tight junction

Question 14

where are the spermatogonia only found

Answer 14

basal compartment

Question 15

where are sperm cells only located

Answer 15

basal compartment

Question 16

1 cell divides into 2 identical cells

Answer 16

mitosis

Question 17

1 cell divides into 4 different cells

Answer 17

meiosis

Question 18

what needs to happen before mitosis or meiosis can occur

Answer 18

chromosomes need to replicate

Question 19

2n—>4n—>2n

Answer 19

mitosis

Question 20

2n—>4n—>2n—>1n

Answer 20

meiosis

Question 21

what do mitosis and meiosis both make from 2 copies of each chromosome

Answer 21

4 copies of each chromosome

Question 22

what three things are needed for spermatogenesis

Answer 22

proliferation
meiosis
differentiation

Question 23

what is proliferation also considered as

Answer 23

mitosis

Question 24

where does proliferation occur

Answer 24

basal compartment

Question 25

only spermatogonia

Answer 25

proliferation

Question 26

spermatocytes--->spermatids

Answer 26

meiosis

Question 27

where does meiosis occur

Answer 27

adluminal compartment

Question 28

where is proliferation pushed through

Answer 28

BTB

Question 29

spermatids--->spermatozoa

Answer 29

differentiation

Question 30

where does differentiation occur

Answer 30

adluminal compartment at the lumen

Question 31

what is differentiation

Answer 31

morphological change from spermatid to spermatozoon

Question 32

what are the four phases to differentiation

Answer 32

1. Golgi 2. Cap 3. Acrosomal 4. Maturation

Question 33

Golgi Phase

Answer 33

acrosome forms

Question 34

centriole function

Answer 34

responsible for microtubule organization in cytoplasm

Question 35

what are the steps during the Golgi phase

Answer 35

- start with round spermatid - vesicles from Golgi fuse - centrioles move out of way - formation of proximal and distal centriole

Question 36

job of proximal centriole

Answer 36

tail attachment point

Question 37

distal centriole

Answer 37

- axoneme - slowly unwind to form core of tail

Question 38

Cap phase

Answer 38

- acrosome spreads over nucleus - tail is growing

Question 39

steps to Cap phase

Answer 39

- axoneme forms - acrosome flattens (coating nucleus) - outer and inner acrosomal membrane formed

Question 40

Acrosomal phase

Answer 40

nuclear and cytoplasmic elongation

Question 41

what does the manchette become

Answer 41

post nuclear cap

Question 42

steps of acrosomal phase

Answer 42

- nucleus elongates - acrosome covers nucleus - manchette formed - annulus formed

Question 43

job of annulus

Answer 43

separates mid and principal tail pieces

Question 44

Maturation phase

Answer 44

- final assembly - separation of midpiece from rest of tail